冲击地压灾害是影响深部煤层安全高效开采的主要灾害之一，为了保证深部煤层的安全开采，急需开展深部冲击地压煤层围岩控制理论与技术研究。开展深埋冲击地压煤层顺槽围岩动力损伤破坏规律及其控制技术研究具有重要的理论与实践价值。本文以陕西彬长矿区某煤矿为工程依托，采用理论分析、室内试验、数值模拟及工程应用相结合的手段开展研究工作，主要内容及结论是：

      （1）对影响冲击动力灾害的主要因素研究表明：彬长矿区的冲击地压类型是以高水平静载为主的动载诱发型。其主要影响因素是上覆坚硬顶板和断层造成的高垂直应力和高水平应力，使煤岩处于高静载状态，深埋特厚煤层的地质赋存条件、强冲击倾向性煤岩的特征也是造成高围压的影响因素，是冲击地压发生的决定因素；综放开采方式导致采空区坚硬顶板垮落，形成的动荷载是冲击地压启动的关键因素。高水平应力的叠加静荷载是基础，动载扰动是冲击地压灾害发生的主要诱因。

      （2）基于煤岩高压动力试验系统完成了低频煤岩动力损伤破坏加载试验。用裂隙煤岩和完整煤岩模拟断层构造区和非构造区，使用动静组合和分级动静组合两种应力路径来模拟顺槽掘进和工作面回采的工况，进行了不同围压、不同频率及振幅的室内试验。结果表明：煤岩和裂隙煤岩在低频率动力扰动过程中，随加载频率与振幅增大，结构平衡被打破，煤岩承载能力大幅降低，动静组合加载下，煤岩表现为脆性断裂破坏，随着压应力和加载频率增大，煤岩产生压剪复合破坏。

       （3）试验结果表明：煤岩应力水平在动载前后至失稳破坏与声发射b值呈显著的负相关性，动载扰动作用下呈现高幅值事件比例增大，而且随着加载频率的增大，声发射b值的断崖式下降趋势愈明显，且下降节点则更接近于煤岩最终破坏强度，声发射b值断崖式下降趋势预示着煤岩即将发生失稳破坏，可作为冲击倾向性煤岩发生冲击破坏的前兆特征；裂隙煤岩加载过程中的声发射特征信号表明，裂隙煤岩在加载过程中的能量释放并不是连续的，整个加载过程都在经历能量“积聚-释放-再积聚”的反复过程，直至最终失稳发生破坏。裂隙的存在，使得煤岩冲击倾向性“整体减弱，局部加强”，特别是在裂隙尖端部分应力集中，因此，在断层的尖端应该加强监测预警和重点防控。动载扰动的瞬间为裂隙周围的应力集中提供了高于其它区域的静载应力，裂隙使煤岩易在裂隙尖端及周围形成破碎弹射区，动载导致煤岩在没有达到很高的静载应力水平时发生弹射冲击现象。

      （4）完成了煤岩高频动力加载单轴压缩SHPB试验，分析了煤岩的动力损伤破坏规律。结果表明，峰值应力与应变率之间是一次函数递增关系，峰值应变与应变率之间是对数函数递增关系。随着应变率的升高，动态弹性模量呈现对数函数增大的趋势。随着荷载不断增大，动态弹性模量开始减小，直至达到试样的屈服应力。煤岩在高频动载下，呈现出拉伸为主的破坏模式，考虑冲击倾向性指数以及应变率效应建立了冲击倾向性煤岩的动力损伤本构模型。

      （5）综合运用“地音+微震+应力”的多源监测预警技术，结合动载试验得到的裂缝端部应力集中以及能量释放周期性的规律以及现场监测数据，发现了构造区域冲击地压的发生较工作面能量释放滞后时长约2~3d的周期性，并且构造区域微震能量-频次变化较平稳，在发生高能级的微震事件之前会出现能量及频次上升现象，基于此提出了冲击变形能预警指标，建立了构造区域冲击地压的周期性预警方法，用于工作面顺槽“掘进-回采”全过程围岩稳定性的评价。

     （6）提出了冲击地压煤层工作面顺槽“强卸+强支+改性”的围岩控制理念，构建了“井上+井下”立体卸压技术，利用FLAC软件对井上地面L型水平井分段压裂卸压技术的关键参数确定方法进行了研究，得到地面L型水平井合理的压裂高度和压裂段长，提出了冲击地压矿井顺槽锚杆（索）支护理论，采用了高强高延伸率锚索，在同等围压条件下，减少了顺槽支护施工工作量，降低了对围岩的扰动，加快了顺槽掘进速度，降低了动力灾害发生概率。实践表明，提出的冲击地压煤层综放面顺槽围岩控制技术及其卸压方案合理可行。

        Rock burst disaster is one of the main disasters affecting the safe and efficient mining of deep coal seams. In order to ensure the safe mining of deep coal seams, it is urgent to carry out theoretical and technical research of groove surrounding rock in deep buried coal seam under rock burst. Conducting research on the dynamic damage and failure law of groove surrounding rock and its control technology of deep buried coal seam under rock burst has important theoretical and practical value. Based on a coal mine in Binchang mining area of Shaanxi Province, the paper adopts a combination of theoretical analysis, indoor experiments, numerical simulation and engineering applications. The main contents and conclusions are as follows:

       （1）The research on the main factors affecting impact dynamic disasters shows that：the type of rock burst in Binchang mining area is a dynamic load-induced type dominated by high horizontal static load. The main influencing factors are the high vertical stress and high horizontal stress caused by the overlying hard roof and faults, which induce the coal in a high static load state. The geological occurrence conditions of deep and thick coal seams, as well as the characteristics of strong impact tendency coal, are also the influencing factors that cause high confining pressure and are the decisive factors of rock burst. The fully-mechanized caving mining method leads to the collapse of the hard roof in the goaf, and the dynamic load formed is the key factor for the initiation of rock burst. The superimposed static load of high horizontal stress is the foundation, and the dynamic load disturbance is the main cause of rock burst.

       (2) The low-frequency dynamic loading test was completed based on the rock high-pressure dynamic test system. Fractured coal and intact coal are used to simulate fault tectonic area and non-tectonic area. Two kinds of dynamic load stress paths, dynamic-static combination and hierarchical static-dynamic combination, are applied to study the situation of roadway excavation and working face mining. Laboratory tests with different surrounding rocks, different frequencies and amplitudes are conducted. The results show that in the process of low frequency dynamic disturbance, the structural balance is broken with the increase of loading frequency and amplitude. The bearing capacity of coal is greatly reduced. Under the dynamic and static combined loading, the coal exhibits brittle fracture failure. As the compressive stress and loading frequency increase, the tensile stress gradually transitions to shear stress, forming a typical compression-shear composite failure.

      (3) The test results show that the stress level of coal has a significant negative correlation with the acoustic emission b value before and after the dynamic load to the instability failure. Under the disturbance of dynamic load, the proportion of high amplitude events is presented. With the increase of loading frequency, the cliff-like downward trend of acoustic emission b value is more obvious, and the decline node is closer to the final failure strength of coal. The cliff-like downward trend of acoustic emission b value indicates that the instability failure of coal is about to occur, which can serve as the precursor feature for impact failure of impact-prone coal. The acoustic emission characteristic signal during the loading process of fractured coal shows that the energy release of fractured coal during the loading process is not continuous, and the whole loading process undergoes the repeated process of energy 'accumulation-release-reaccumulation' until the final instability occurs. The existence of cracks weakens the overall tendency of coal impact and strengthens it locally, especially in the stress concentration at the crack tip.  Therefore, monitoring, early warning and key prevention and control should be strengthened at the tip of the fault. The moment of dynamic load disturbance provides a higher static load stress foundation for the stress concentration around the crack than in other areas. The fracture makes it easy for coal to form a fractured and ejected zone at the crack tip and around, while the dynamic load allows the coal to eject the impact phenomenon without reaching a high static load stress level.

      (4) The uniaxial compression and Brazil split SHPB tests of coal under high frequency dynamic load are completed to further study the dynamic damage and failure law of coal. The results show that the relationship between peak stress and strain rate is a linear function, and the relationship between peak strain and strain rate is a logarithmic function. With the increase of strain rate, the dynamic elastic modulus generally shows a logarithmic function increase trend. As the load increases, the dynamic elastic modulus begins to decrease until the yield stress of the sample is reached. Under high frequency dynamic load, coal presents a tensile failure mode. Considering the impact tendency index and the strain rate effect, the dynamic constitutive model of coal with impact tendency is established.

       (5) Multi-source monitoring of early warning technology in terms of ʺground sound+ microseismic+stressʺ, combined with the law of stress concentration and energy release periodicity at the crack end obtained by dynamic load test and the field monitoring data, it is found that the occurrence of rock burst in the tectonic area lags behind the energy release of the working face by about 2 ~ 3 days, Moreover, the variation of microseismic energy frequency in the tectonic area is relatively stable. Before the occurrence of high-level microseismic events, there will be an increase in energy and frequency. Based on this, the early warning index of impact deformation energy is proposed, and the periodic early warning method of rock burst in the tectonic area is established. It is used to evaluate the stability of surrounding rock in the whole process of' ʺdigging-recoveryʺ in working face roadway.

      (6) The surrounding rock control concept of ʺstrong unloading + strong support +  modificationʺ  in the working face groove of rock burst mine is proposed. The "strong unloading" technology is three-dimensional pressure relief technology on ʺground +  undergroundʺ. Using FLAC software, the key parameters of staged fracturing pressure relief technology of L-type horizontal on the ground are studied, and the most reasonable fracturing height and length of fracturing section of L-type on the ground are obtained. The theory of anchor cable support in rock burst mine is put forward, and the anchor cable with high strength and high elongation has been adopted. Under the same confining pressure condition, the workload of roadway support construction is reduced, the disturbance to surrounding rock is reduced, the roadway excavation speed is accelerated, and the probability of dynamic disaster is reduced. The practice shows that the proposed surrounding rock control technology and pressure relief scheme of fully mechanized caving face in rock burst coal seam are reasonable and feasible.

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