摘要 深基坑支护工程作为开发和利用地下空间的有效手段，在高层和超高层建筑多层地下室、地下管廊、地下轨道交通等地下民用和工业设施的工程项目中起着至关重要的作用。但由于深基坑工程受支护设计方案、水文地质条件、地层复杂程度以及人为等因素影响，在施工的过程中存在着安全风险，对于造成这些安全风险的危险源，若不加以辨识、评价与控制，一旦发生事故将会造成人员伤亡和经济损失。因此对于深基坑支护项目开展危险源的辨识、评价与控制是十分必要的。通过对深基坑支护工程中危险源进行辨识、评价，采取科学合理的管控措施，可以有效的避免安全事故的发生。 本文以武汉HL深基坑工程为依托，将理论研究和实际工程研究相结合、定性和定量研究相结合，对深基坑支护工程施工过程中存在的危险源进行辨识，根据不同的危险源对基坑支护结构、人身安全和财产损失所造成的影响程度不同，将其分为基坑支护结构失效性危险源和非结构失效性危险源。考虑到两类危险源之间的差别，前者往往造成整体的破坏，受客观条件的影响较多，因此采用FTA分析法由整体到局部进行逐层逆向分析，绘制出导致整个基坑失效的事故树，通过布尔运算及简化找出造成基坑结构失效的重大危险源；后者造成的破坏一般是局部的，受人为因素的影响更大，采用了基于专家经验评价的LEC法进行分析，编制评价表格并组织专家及一线管理人员进行危险源评价确定非结构性失效的重大危险源。通过两种方法的综合使用，对深基坑项目中不同属性的危险源的辨识与评价，最终确定基坑结构失效的五项重大危险源和非结构失效的八项重大危险源。针对不同的危险源采取不同的措施，避免安全事故的发生，从而实现对整个基坑项目重大危险源的有效管控。

ABSTRACT As an effective means of developing and utilizing underground space, the deep foundation pit support plays an important role in underground civil and industrial projects，such as multi-storey basement, underground pipe gallery, underground rail transit and so on. However, due to the influence of supporting design, hydrogeological conditions, stratum complexity and human factors, there are safety risks in the process of construction. If the risk sources are not identified, evaluated and controlled, the accidents will result in casualties and economic loss. Therefore, it is very necessary to identify, evaluate and control dangerous sources in deep foundation pit support projects. By identifying and evaluating the hazards in deep foundation pit supporting engineering and adopting scientific and reasonable preventive measures, the occurrence of safety accidents can be effectively avoided. Based on Wuhan HL deep foundation pit project, this paper combines theoretical research with field engineering research, qualitative and quantitative research, identifies the hazards existing in the construction process of deep foundation pit support project, In consideration of different hazards have different impacts on the foundation pit support structure, personal safety and property losses, so it is divided into foundation pit support structure Failure hazards and non-structural failure hazards. Considering the difference between the two types of hazards, the former often causes the overall damage, which is influenced by objective conditions. Therefore, FTA analysis method is used to carry out reverse analysis from the whole to the part, drawing the logic tree leading to the failure of the whole foundation pit, and finding out the major hazards causing the failure of the foundation pit structure through Boolean operation and simplification; the latter usually causes local damage，The LEC method based on expert experience evaluation is used to analyze the impact of human factors. The evaluation forms are compiled and experts and front-line managers are organized to carry out hazard assessment to identify major hazards of non-structural failure. Through the comprehensive use of the two methods, the identification and evaluation of the hazard sources with different attributes in deep foundation pit projects are carried out, and finally five major hazards and eight major hazards leading to structural and non-structural failure of foundation pit are identified. Different measures should be taken according to different hazard sources to avoid the occurrence of safety accidents, in order to control the major hazard sources of the whole foundation pit project.