瓦斯爆炸事故是煤矿各类事故中的“头号杀手”，具有死亡率高、破坏性强、经济损失大等特征。爆炸产生的冲击波、火焰波、高温气流导致巷道内空气密度、压力等发生突变，破坏了巷道内原有的空气动力平衡，造成井下有限空间内产生复杂的动力效应，进一步导致人员伤亡和财产损失。掌握瓦斯爆炸冲击波、火焰波的时空演化规律及致伤特征，对防灾、抗灾能力的提升具有重要意义。

采用理论研究、实验分析、数值模拟及案例分析相结合的方法，研究了不同管道结构中瓦斯爆炸冲击波和火焰波的时空演化规律、不同作用因素影响冲击波超压传播规律，构建了多参数自主寻优的瓦斯爆炸冲击波推演方法，并对其适用性和可靠性进行了验证。取得如下研究成果：

（1）实验研究了在平直管道和不同分叉角度管道结构中瓦斯爆炸演化规律，得到冲击波、火焰波在不同管道结构中的衰减规律；构建了超压衰减系数与分叉角度和分叉前超压的耦合关系式；得到了不同管道结构中火焰速度沿程按指数函数衰减的规律；通过对冲击波在不同角度分叉口的斜反射效应进行研究，构建了斜击波阵面角与气流折转角和管道楔形壁面角度之间的关系，得到瓦斯爆炸冲击波超压有效衰减管道角度范围。

（2）对比研究了带分直结构对称管道、无分直结构对称管道和非对称分叉管道结构对冲击波传播规律的影响，构建了对称管道冲击波超压衰减系数关系式；通过研究多分叉连通管道结构对瓦斯爆炸冲击波传播规律的影响，构建了冲击波发生对碰前后超压的变化关系式，建立了对碰后形成冲击波峰值二次演化过程关系式。

（3）研究了瓦斯爆炸致通风设施动态损伤机制对冲击波传播规律的影响，分析了通风设施应力和应变动态响应过程，得到了不同作用因素条件下通风设施的应力、应变动态分布规律；构建了等效应力与机械应力和热应力之间的耦合关系，建立了通风设施关于冲击波超压、作用时间、比冲量及等效应力的损伤判定机制；揭示了耦合作用下通风设施的动态损伤机制；通过对冲击波作用通风设施的正反射效应机制进行分析，根据介质参数构建了入射冲击波压力与反射冲击波压力之间的关联关系，建立了设施损伤前后对超压传播规律的影响关系式。

（4）构建了基于优化多层感知器回归的冲击波超压推演模型，通过粒子群和自助法对多层感知器回归算法进行参数优化，建立了惯性权重与迭代次数和粒子适应度的关联关系，基于多组实验数据对平直管道和多角度分叉管道超压演化过程进行推演，得到推演结果与真实值平均绝对误差、置信区间最大和最小误差均较小，证明了所提推演模型的可靠性。

（5）建立了我国真实瓦斯爆炸事故煤矿全尺寸巷道场景模型，采用理论计算、数值模型及超压推演模型对事故案例进行超压传播过程推演对比分析，通过对三条关键路径的超压传播过程推演，验证了所提推演模型的适用性。

本文研究成果能够有效掌握井下瓦斯爆炸过程的时空演化规律，为瓦斯爆炸事故反演、评估灾害辐射范围、抑制灾变范围进一步扩大并制定科学有效的应急预案提供有效支撑。

Gas explosion accidents are the most serious of all types of accidents in coal mines. It is characterised by high mortality, devastation and economic losses. Shock wave, flame wave, high temperature air flow generated by the explosion leads to sudden changes in air density and pressure in the tunnel, destroying the original aerodynamic balance in the tunnel, resulting in complex dynamic effects in the limited space underground, leading to casualties and property losses. Mastering the spatial and temporal evolution law and injury-causing characteristics of gas explosion shock wave and flame wave is of great significance to the enhancement of disaster prevention and disaster resistance.

This study combines theoretical research, experimental analysis, numerical simulation and case studies to investigate the spatial and temporal evolution laws of gas explosion shock waves and flame waves in different pipeline structures and the overpressure propagation laws of shock waves affected by different factors. A multi-parameter autonomous optimisation method for gas explosion shock wave derivation is constructed and its applicability and reliability are verified. The following research results were obtained:

Evolutionary patterns of gas explosions in flat and straight pipelines and in pipeline structures with different bifurcation angles are experimentally investigated. The attenuation laws of shock and flame waves in different pipe structures are obtained. The coupling equation of the overpressure attenuation coefficient with the bifurcation angle and the overpressure before the bifurcation is constructed. The law that the flame velocity decays along the course by an exponential function in different pipe configurations is obtained. The effect of oblique reflection of shock waves at bifurcations of different angles is investigated. Relationships between the oblique strike wavefront angle and the airflow folding angle and the pipe wedge wall angle are constructed. Angular range of effective attenuation pipes for gas explosion shock wave overpressure is obtained.

Comparative study of the effects of symmetric pipelines with split-straight structure, symmetric pipelines without split-straight structure, and asymmetric bifurcated pipeline structures on the propagation law of shock waves. Symmetric pipeline shock wave overpressure attenuation coefficient relation is constructed. The effect of multi-bifurcated connecting pipeline structure on the propagation law of gas explosion shock wave was investigated. The relational equation for the change of overpressure before and after the collision of shock waves is constructed. Relation equation for the secondary evolution process of the peak shock wave formed after the collision is established.

The effect of the dynamic damage mechanism of ventilation facilities caused by a gas explosion on the propagation law of shock waves is investigated. The dynamic response process of stress and strain of the ventilation facilities is analyzed, and the dynamic distribution law of stress and strain of the ventilation facilities under the conditions of different action factors is obtained. The coupling relationship between equivalent stresses and mechanical and thermal stresses, and the damage determination mechanism of ventilation facilities with respect to shock wave overpressure, time of action, specific impulse, and equivalent stresses are established. The dynamic damage mechanism of ventilation facilities under coupling is revealed. Mechanisms of positive reflection effects on shockwave-activated ventilation facilities are analyzed. The correlation between the incident shock wave pressure and the reflected shock wave pressure is constructed based on the medium parameters, and the relational equation for the effect on the overpressure propagation law before and after facility damage is established.

Shock wave overpressure extrapolation model based on optimised multilayer perceptron regression is developed. Parameter optimisation of multilayer perceptron regression algorithms by particle swarm and self-help methods. The correlation of inertia weights with the number of iterations and particle fitness is established. Derivation of overpressure evolution in straight and angularly bifurcated pipelines based on multiple sets of experimental data. Comparison of the extrapolated results with the true values yields smaller mean absolute error, maximum and minimum confidence interval errors. Reliability of the proposed derivation model is demonstrated.

China's real gas explosion accident coal mine full-size roadway scene model was established. Overpressure decay theoretical model, numerical model and overpressure projection model are used to analyse the overpressure propagation process in accident cases. The applicability of the proposed extrapolation model is verified by extrapolating the overpressure propagation process for the three critical paths. The applicability of the proposed extrapolation model is verified by extrapolating the overpressure propagation process for the three critical paths.

The research results of this paper can effectively grasp the spatial and temporal evolution of the underground gas explosion process, and provide effective support for the inversion of gas explosion accidents, assessment of the radiation range of the disaster, inhibition of the further expansion of the scope of the disaster, and the formulation of scientific and effective emergency response plans.

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