作为一种洁净环保、经济实惠的优质能源，天然气在我国居民的日常生活和工业生产过程中扮演着越来越重要的角色。众所周知，天然气易燃爆，在储运过程中往往容易发生泄漏现象，天然气所具有的密度比空气小的性质导致其在泄漏后极易扩散，当气云团遇点火源后可能会发生火灾、爆炸等严重后果，最终造成巨大的人员伤亡和经济损失。本文基于前人研究的成果，利用 FLACS 数值模拟研究了多种因素影响下天然气球形储罐罐区泄漏扩散规律及爆炸过程，论文主要取得以下成果：

本文选取某天然气储罐区，使用 FLACS 软件进行厂区 CFD 建模，针对风速、风向、障碍物、泄漏速率，泄漏方向、泄漏孔径等不同工况条件，研究了天然气球形储罐泄漏扩散过程，获得了天然气储罐泄漏扩散浓度、速度分布规律及等效可燃气云体积随时间的变化规律。

同时，本文研究了不同体积及浓度天然气云团遇点火源发生爆炸后产生的火焰形状变化规律、超压和高温对人员伤害范围、最大超压及各监测点的压力和温度变化规律。结果表明：天然气云发生爆炸后起初在点火源处形成火球，随后火焰迅速向四周蔓延，与此同时火焰迅速向上空扩散，形成“蘑菇云”形状，随后，火焰尺寸逐渐变小，最终消散。通过切面图分析，压力和温度以点火位置为中心迅速向四周扩散，核心位置处最高，边界层处较低，随后爆炸中心压力下降，出现负压区，最后压力云图自内
向外逐渐消散，爆炸反应逐渐结束，温度边界层处呈现“锯齿状”分布。此外，爆炸高温区域面积最大与爆炸中心压力最高时刻相近，温度云图面积达到最大后，从中点处出现断裂，最后从两侧逐渐消散。最大爆炸超压随着气云体积增大呈现线性函数递增关系，随着气云浓度增大则呈现先增大后减小的趋势。当量比越接近 1，反应越充分，爆炸最强烈，而浓度越远离 10%，其最大爆炸超压值越小。
最后，本文对天然气浓度检测报警仪布置高度、探测有效性及反应时间进行了分析，并提出了天然气浓度检测报警仪布局优化、防爆及预警措施建议。

~As a clean, explosion limit of 5-15%， also has certain corrosion resistance and toxicity，
hazard is opposite bigger, the leakage phenomenon can occur in the process of storage and
transportation, gas density is smaller than the air of the nature of the cause of the leak after
spread extremely easily, when gas clouds in ignition source may occur after the fire, explosion
and other serious consequences,Eventually resulting in huge casualties and economic losses.
In view of this, a large number of scholars and experts have conducted research on natural gas
leakage explosion.Based on the results of previous studies, this paper uses FLACS simulation
to study the diffusion law of leakage gas and the law of combustion and explosion after leakage
of spherical natural gas storage tank area under the influence of a variety of factors. The main
achievements of this paper are as follows:
In order to study the law of natural gas leakage and diffusion, based on a natural gas
storage tank area, this paper uses FLACS software to conduct CFD modeling in the plant area,
and then sets different wind speed, wind direction, leakage rate, leakage direction and leakage
aperture. The influence of the above working conditions on the distribution of concentration
and velocity of gas leakage and diffusion after reaching a stable state and the influence on the
variation rule of equivalent gas cloud volume Q9 with time was studied. It was suggested that
the layout of gas concentration detection and alarm should be placed directly above the potential
release source. In accordance with the national standard within the scope of combustible gas
detection alarm device as far as possible arranged at a high place, in order to improve detection
sensitivity. At present, the maximum alarm lag time stipulated in relevant standards is
relatively loose, so it is recommended to choose the detection and alarm device with sensitive
response and short alarm lag time.
In addition， this paper also studies the flame shape change rule, the damage range of
overpressure and high temperature, the maximum overpressure and the pressure and
temperature change rule of each monitoring point after the gas cloud explodes in ignition source
with different volume and concentration. After the explosion of natural gas cloud at the
beginning of the ignition source to form a fireball, then the flame quickly spread around， at
the same time the flame rapidly spread to the sky, the formation of a "mushroom cloud" shape,
then, the flame size gradually smaller, and eventually dissipated.The pressure XY section
diagram spreads rapidly to all sides from the ignition position as the center. In the initial stage,
the pressure at the core position is the highest, while the boundary layer pressure is low. Then,
the pressure at the explosion center drops and a negative pressure area appears. The XY section
diagram of temperature spreads rapidly around the ignition location, with high temperature in
the core location and low temperature in the boundary layer. The boundary layer is a "sawtooth"
distribution. The maximum area of the high temperature area of the explosion was close to the
moment of the highest pressure in the explosion center. After the temperature cloud area
reached the maximum, the fracture appeared at the middle point and finally dissipated
gradually from both sides. With the increase of gas cloud concentration, the maximum
explosion overpressure (P) after the gas cloud is ignited increases first and then decreases.The
closer the equivalent ratio of ER is to 1, the fuller the reaction is and the strongest explosion
is; while the farther the concentration is from 10%, the smaller the maximum explosion
overpressure is.

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