<p>当发生煤与瓦斯突出、瓦斯爆炸时，会对矿井通风系统造成空气冲击，除了会对事故地点附近造成破坏外，往往还会引发更严重的次生灾害，如瓦斯爆炸、煤尘爆炸。该类事故的发生，都会产生冲击波，并在通风网络中进行快速传播，随着距离增加而衰减为普通压力波，研究矿井通风灾变压力波传播及衰减规律，以实现灾害事故的快速定位和自动判识，对防止事故扩大具有重要价值。</p> <p>论文以灾变压力波为研究对象，研究不同类型及不同规模灾变压力波在巷道中的传播及衰减规律。分析煤与瓦斯突出及瓦斯爆炸两种事故的致灾特性，推导压力波传播速度公式。在现有的矿井灾变预警实验室平台基础上，通过前期实验，验证模拟煤与瓦斯突出和瓦斯爆炸实验的可行性。经多次实验，分析不同类型及规模灾变压力波的波形特征，得出煤与瓦斯突出静压波速约为307.69m/s，动压波速约为286.49m/s；瓦斯爆炸时静压波速约为444.44m/s，动压波速约为398.16m/s。利用信号分析理论中小波分析理论与傅里叶变换理论进行频谱分析，发现动压波波形受传播距离影响较大，而静压波波形受传播距离影响较小。</p> <p>进一步针对复杂巷道结构，研究了简单直巷、分叉巷道、转弯巷道的压力波衰减规律。在复杂巷道结构中，瓦斯爆炸和煤与瓦斯突出相似，即动压波相较于静压波显示出更高的衰减率，表明静压波稳定性更强。压力波在巷道传播衰减受巷道长度及内部结构复杂度影响，在结构变化巷道中压力波衰减更显著。瓦斯爆炸产生的压力波速度快、波幅大，使其在巷道中传播更远，携带能量高于煤与瓦斯突出产生的压力波。</p> <p>基于不同灾变致灾机理及特征，利用 Flowmaster 软件构建对应的压力&mdash;时间函数。通过在掘进及采煤工作面模拟两种灾害场景，研究压力波在远距离传播中对整个通风网络的影响。研究表明，静压波和动压波都会随着传播距离的增加而衰减，静压波的波速大于动压波的波速；静压波的变化主要为突然增大后快速衰减至稍低的正常值之后不断波动至稳定，动压波的变化主要为瞬间增加后迅速降低或者瞬间降低后快速回升，动压数值在不断的上下起伏波动过后逐渐趋于平稳；在通风网络空气冲击过程中，静压波和动压波均可以识别出灾变类型和灾变强度，利用动压波的正向或负向波动可识别出灾变时空气冲击的方向。</p>

<p>In the event of coal and gas outbursts and gas explosions, significant air disturbances impact the mine&#39;s ventilation system. These initial incidents not only inflict damage proximal to the epicenter but frequently precipitate severe secondary catastrophes, including further gas and coal dust explosions. These events generate shock waves that swiftly traverse the ventilation infrastructure, eventually attenuating into conventional pressure waves as they propagate over distance. Investigating the propagation and attenuation characteristics of pressure waves within the context of mine ventilation emergencies is crucial for enabling prompt localization and automated detection of such incidents, thereby facilitating effective measures to curtail the escalation of these disasters.</p> <p>This study focuses on catastrophic pressure waves, examining their propagation and attenuation across various types and magnitudes within mine roadways. It delves into the disaster-inducing properties of coal and gas outbursts and gas explosion incidents, deriving a formula for the velocity of pressure wave propagation. Leveraging an established mine disaster early warning laboratory infrastructure, the paper validates the feasibility of simulating coal and gas outburst and gas explosion scenarios through preliminary experiments. Extensive experimental analysis reveals the waveform characteristics of catastrophic pressure waves of different types and scales, determining the static pressure wave for coal and gas outbursts to be 307.69 m/s, with a dynamic pressure wave of 286.49 m/s. In contrast, gas explosions exhibit a static pressure wave of 444.44 m/s and a dynamic pressure wave of 398.16 m/s. Employing wavelet transform from signal analysis theory for spectral examination, the study observes that dynamic pressure waveforms are significantly influenced by propagation distance, whereas static pressure waveforms remain relatively unaffected.</p> <p>Additionally, this research extends to analyzing the attenuation behavior of pressure waves within complex roadway configurations, including simple straight roadways, bifurcated roadways, and curved roadways. Within these intricate structures, the behavior of pressure waves resulting from gas explosions parallels that of coal and gas outbursts, with dynamic pressure waves exhibiting a higher rate of attenuation compared to static pressure waves, underscoring the latter&#39;s relative stability. The attenuation of pressure waves in roadways is influenced by the roadway&#39;s length and the complexity of its internal structure, with changes in the structural configuration leading to more pronounced attenuation effects. Pressure waves originating from gas explosions, characterized by their rapid velocity and large amplitude, tend to propagate further and carry more energy within the roadway network compared to those generated by coal and gas outbursts.</p> <p>Based on the mechanisms and characteristics of various disasters, the corresponding pressure-time functions are constructed using Flowmaster. By simulating two types of disaster scenarios in tunneling and coal mining faces, the study examines the impact of pressure waves on the entire ventilation network during long-distance propagation. The research reveals that both static pressure waves and dynamic pressure waves attenuate as propagation distance increases, with the static pressure wave traveling at a greater velocity compared to the dynamic pressure wave. The static pressure wave exhibits a sudden increase followed by rapid attenuation to a slightly lower normal value, then fluctuates continuously until stability is reached. Conversely, the dynamic pressure wave experiences rapid decreases following instantaneous increases or swift recoveries after instantaneous decreases. The dynamic pressure values gradually stabilize after continuous fluctuations. During air impact within the ventilation network, both static pressure waves and dynamic pressure waves can discern the type and intensity of disasters. Additionally, the direction of air impact during a disaster can be determined by observing the positive or negative fluctuations of the dynamic pressure wave.</p>

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