斜（边）坡变形监测是防范滑坡等地质灾害重要手段，也是指导地质灾害综合防治的有效途径之一。基于坡面点转动方位监测仪的研制，依托学校大型滑坡-泥石流物理模拟装置，构造降雨型倾斜接触面黄土滑坡模型，进行滑坡变形发展过程中坡面点转动方位动态变化特征及变化趋势试验，并基于岩土体测试技术，进一步揭示降雨型黄土滑坡变形破坏模式及变形破坏机理。主要研究成果包括：

（1）基于岩土体变形监测技术、微机电技术、无线通讯技术，自主研发了坡面点转动方位监测仪，该仪器涵盖了硬件、软件、外部结构、数据通讯和抗干扰五大设计，可实现坡面位移变化时的坡面点转动方位监测的数字化和自动化。

（2）依据坡面点转动方位监测数据规律，查明滑坡发展演化过程的变化特征。通过降雨促滑方式进行降雨型滑坡试验，试验结果表明，降雨型黄土滑坡演化过程可概化为稳定孕育阶段、匀速变形阶段以及加速破坏阶段，其中，稳定孕育阶段占整个滑坡历时时长的99.5%，匀速变形阶段占0.2~0.3%，而加速破坏阶段仅为10~30s，进一步验证了降雨型黄土滑坡的突发特性。

（3）岩土体测试试验结果表明：降雨型黄土滑坡土体水分渗流路径较为复杂，但含水率整体呈现“平缓-快速增大-缓慢增大-达到峰值-趋于稳定”五阶段变化趋势。当土体含水率趋于稳定时，土压力达到峰值，土体抗剪强度遭到破坏，坡体表面出现拉张裂缝。随着裂缝不断发育，土压力逐渐减小，坡体发生滑移-拉裂式变形破坏。

（4）倾斜黄土滑坡在降雨作用下，滑带土受后缘裂隙水倾斜入渗率先吸水饱和，土体抗剪强度逐渐减小，随之地表水垂直入渗使得土体重度增加，倾斜接触面黄土滑坡下滑力逐渐增大，当达到边坡力学平衡极限时，滑坡灾害发生。

Oblique (side) slope deformation monitoring is an important means to prevent landslides and other geological disasters, and it is also one of the effective ways to guide the comprehensive prevention and control of geological disasters. Based on the development of the slope point rotation azimuth monitor, relying on the school's large-scale landslide-debris flow physical simulation device, a rainfall-type inclined contact surface loess landslide model was constructed, and the dynamic change characteristics and change trend of the slope surface point rotation azimuth during the development process of the landslide deformation were tested. , And based on rock and soil testing technology, further reveal the deformation failure mode and deformation failure mechanism of rainfall-type loess landslides. The main research results include:

 (1) Based on rock and soil deformation monitoring technology, micro-electromechanical technology, and wireless communication technology, we independently developed a slope surface point rotation azimuth monitor, which covers five major designs of hardware, software, external structure, data communication and anti-interference. It can realize the digitization and automation of the slope point rotation orientation monitoring when the slope surface displacement changes.

(2) According to the law of slope point rotation azimuth monitoring data, find out the change characteristics of landslide development and evolution process. Rainfall for slide way of landslide with rainfall test, the test results show that the type of rainfall stages of loess landslide evolution process can be generalized into a stable inoculation, uniform deformation stage and accelerated destruction stage, among them, the stable inoculation phase accounted for 99.5%, when the whole landslide uniform deformation stage of 0.2 ~ 0.3%, and accelerate the failure stage was only 10 ~ 30 s, The burst characteristics of rainfall-type loess landslides are further verified.

(3) The results of rock and soil test show that: the seepage path of soil water in rain-induced loess landslide is complex, but the water content presents a five-stage trend of "gentle - rapid increase - slow increase - peak - stable". When the soil moisture content tends to be stable, the soil pressure reaches the peak, the shear strength of the soil is destroyed, and tensile cracks appear on the surface of the slope. With the continuous development of fractures, the earth pressure gradually decreases, and the slope deformation and failure occur in the slip-tensile fracture type.

(4) The tilt of the loess landslide under the effect of rainfall, the sliding zone soil lead in water saturated by the trailing edge inclined fracture water infiltration, the soil shear strength decreases and increases soil vertical infiltration of surface water makes the severe, tilted contact surface loess landslide slip force increases gradually, when a balanced slope destroy limit, landslide disaster occurred.

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