神东矿区是中国最重要的煤炭能源基地之一，该区域位于毛乌素沙漠和黄土高原腹地相结合的地带，地表大部为风积沙或黄土层所覆盖，其浅层煤炭资源大部分为典型浅埋或近浅埋煤层。以神东矿区近浅埋煤层开采为背景，经过15个近浅埋煤层工作面的调研和2个工作面的矿压实测，岩石力学实验，数值模拟，研究了8个不同采高（2~9m）近浅埋煤层工作面覆岩运移，应力演化，支架载荷规律，并得出以下几点结论： 研究表明，随采高递增，近浅埋煤层，工作面采空区覆岩回转空间增大，使得上覆岩层的破坏更剧烈；当采高达到6~7m以上时，对工作面覆岩结构起到主要控制作用的下位关键层遭到破坏，垮落带高度增加，上位关键层开始起主要控制作用。随着煤层采高的增加，老顶岩层初次来压步距减小，来压更加频繁，周期性顶板来压步距也缩小了。推进度相同条件下，采高越大，地表沉降也越大。 经过对上、下位关键层竖直方向应力分析，下位关键层竖直方向应力随采高增大而减小，上位关键层竖直方向应力随采高增大而增大。经过对上、下位关键层水平方向应力分析，随采高递增，上、下位关键层水平应力随推进均有增大的趋势，尤其上位关键层所承受的水平应力明显较高。采高增大以后，下位关键层破断加剧，其控制能力出现了明显削弱，此时上位关键层将会起到更大的控制作用。 支架模拟结果显示，阻力随采高的增加而增加，当采高达到7m以上时，阻力急剧上升；采高9m时，支护强度达2~3MPa，支架最大阻力可达35000kN以上，已超当前装备制造水平；支架前后两端所受到的力大小不一，靠近工作面一端受力较大；模拟结果与现场实测支架载荷较为接近。相关研究对近浅埋煤层开采具有一定的借鉴意义。

Shendong mining area is one of the most important coal energy base of China, this area is located in the Maowusu Desert and the Loess Plateau hinterland combination zone, the most surface covered with sand or loess layer, the shallow coal resources as the most typical shallow or shallow seam. Take near shallow seam mining of Shendong mining area as the background, through investigation of 15 working faces , mine pressure observation of 2 working face ,the rock mechanics experiment and numerical simulation, study the movement and stress evolution laws of overburden, support load in different mining height (2~9m) of near shallow seam overburden migration, and draw the following conclusion: Research shows that the near shallow coal seam, with the mining height increasing, gob free space increases, to block more activity makes the rotation space of the overburden failure more intense; The lower key layer which play a main role in controlling overburden is destroyed when mining height reaches 6~7m, and caving zone increases; With the increasing height of caving, the upper key layer began to play a principal role. Besides the first step of the initial pressure and the cycle pressure step of the main roof is obviously reduced, the ground pressure is more frequent.And under the same advance conditions, the higher the mining height, the greater the surface subsidence. Through the analysis of the vertical stress of the upper and lower key strata, the higher the mining height is, the greater the vertical stress of the lower key stratum is, the higher the vertical stress of the upper key layer increases with the increase of the mining height. In the whole process, the horizontal stress of the upper and lower key layers increases with the increase of the mining height, especially the horizontal stress of the upper critical layer is higher than that of the lower key layer.With the increase of mining height, the lower key stratum becomes more and more severe, and the bearing capacity is weakened, and the upper key stratum plays a greater role, and the vertical stress, especially the horizontal stress is greater. The support simulation results show that the resistance increased with the mining height increases, when taken up to 7m or more, a sharp rise in resistance; When mining height reaches 9m, support maximum resistance up to 35000kN, the supporting strength of 2~3MPa, may have been over current support manufacturing level; Support has the partial load , stress on the side near the coal wall is great than the side of gob; The simulation results are close to the measured load.