近年来，我国煤矿安全事故频发。其中，水害事故造成的损失一直排在各种矿井事故首位。明渠流量监测是矿井水害事故预防的重要措施。目前，我国对于明渠流量的监测，主要采用传统的堰测法和巴歇尔槽法。这些方法会产生淤泥堆积，无法进行长期监测。在矿用明渠流量监测领域，没有成熟的产品。因此，设计高精度、高可靠性的矿用明渠超声波流量传感器，对煤矿安全具有重要意义。 针对矿井水质浑浊的特点和传感器的高精度要求，选用时差法进行流量测量。通过发射电路进行功率放大，驱动换能器发射超声波。通过接收电路的滤波、放大、比较，滤除接收信号噪声干扰。采用时间数字转换技术，精确测量超声波传播时间，使传感器具有高精度。通过通讯电路，与上位机进行通讯，上传流量相关数据。通讯电路传输接口采用光电隔离技术，提高通讯的抗干扰能力。传感器选用单片机MSP430F5438作为控制核心，硬件电路采用模块化设计，主要包括超声波发射模块、收发转换模块、时间与温度测量模块、数据存储模块和通讯模块等。在硬件设计的基础上，以IAR Embedded Workbench为开发环境，以C语言为开发语言，对软件进行了模块设计，主要有传感器初始化子程序、时间测量子程序、温度测量子程序、存储子程序、通讯子程序等。对传播时间进行多次测量，采用数字滤波技术，使流量数据更加精确。主程序运行时，首先调用初始化子程序，初始化传感器参数；然后在全局计时器的调控下，对子程序执行条件进行循环检测，使系统有序、稳定工作。 经测试，矿用明渠超声波流量传感器达到了设计要求的功能指标和技术指标，能够应用于矿井井下环境，很好的弥补了我国在矿井明渠流量监测方面的不足。对于矿井安全监测具有重要意义。

In recent years, the coal mine accidents occurred frequently in China. The damage caused by water hazard accidents is always in the first place during those accidences. Open channel flow monitoring is the important measure in accident prevention from mine water hazard. At present, the mainly monitoring methods for open channel flow are the traditional weir measurement method and the Parshall slot method. These methods will produce silt accumulation, so they could not be used for long-term monitoring. There is no mature product about open channel flow monitoring in the mining areas. Therefore, designing high-precision and high-reliability open channel ultrasonic flow sensor used in mine is of significance on coal mine safety. Due to the characteristics of muddy mine water and the precision requirements of the sensor, choose time-difference method to measure flow. The transmitter circuit amplifies the power of signal to drive the transducer to transmit ultrasonic wave. Use the receiving circuit to filter and amplify to filter out the noise of the received signal. Use time-to-digital conversion techniques to measure the propagation time of ultrasonic wave accurately so that the sensor has high accuracy. Use the communication circuit to communicate with the host compute to upload the flow data. Use optical isolation technology in the transmission interface of communication circuit to improve communication anti-jamming capability. The microcontroller MSP430F5438 is selected as the control core of the sensor. The hardware circuit is modular in design, which includes the ultrasonic transmitter module, sending and receiving converter module, time and temperature measurement module, data storage module, the communication module and so on. According to the hardware design, the software design is modular based on the IAR Embedded Workbench development environment and the C language. The software mainly contains sensor initialization subroutine, the time measurement subroutine, temperature measurement subroutine, stored subroutines, communication subroutine and so on. Measure the propagation time multiply and use digital filtering techniques so that the flow of data is more accurate. When the main program runs, the initialization subroutine is firstly called to initialize the sensor parameters; and then the loop detection is executed on the subroutine execution conditions under the control of the global timer to ensure the sensor work orderly and stable. The test results show that the open channel ultrasonic flow sensor used in mine reach the design requirements of the functional indicators and technical indicators, which can be used in the underground mine environment. It well compensated for the lack of open channel flow monitoring in the mine area in our country and is of significance for safety monitoring.