在传统制造业模式中，工厂生产计划以大规模订单为导向，具有生产规模大、制造周期长、前期投入大的特点。这就导致了传统制造业越来越难以适应当前的多元化市场。为应对以定制化、个性化为代表的新市场需求，制造业急需全新的生产模式。在中国制造2025规划中，定制化生产模式受到国家关注，在该领域中被认为拥有很大发展潜力。另一方面，现代制造业越来越复杂，分工也越来越细化，相关从业人员的知识面也因此变得更窄。这导致设计人员和生产人员之间难以沟通，好的设计方案难以落实为优秀的产品。综上所述，小型定制化生产设备对生产、设计和科研等各个领域都具有至关重要的作用。

       本文以小型桌面级吸塑机为主要研究对象，通过可用性实验研究了现有桌面级吸塑机的优缺点。本文通过可用性测试构建了桌面级吸塑机的可用性指标体系，为今后同类产品的研究提供了基础。通过极端用户法和卡片分类法，使传统卡诺模型的定性研究得以定量化，而且提高了用户调研的效率，降低了成本。

       本文内容主要分为以下三个部分：

       首先，通过市场调研和用户调研确定了桌面级吸塑机的优劣势和目标用户。对目标人群进行进一步细分，通过制作用户画像，综合课题目标、学术价值和实验可行性等多方面因素提取出最能体现桌面级吸塑机可用性问题的极端用户群体。

       其次，设计可用性实验，将吸塑流程分为四个阶段共十四个步骤。对受测试人群在整个使用过程中的所有操作步骤进行观察和记录，统计受测试者在每个步骤中的出错次数和浪费时间等参数。并将这些数据与专家级用户的操作数据进行对比，寻找目标用户遇到的可用性问题。据此制作用户旅程图和可用性指标体系。在可用性实验之后，请受测试者填写问卷，获取受测试者对不同需求的主观满意度，建立对桌面级吸塑机需求的卡诺模型。

       最后，根据得到的桌面级吸塑机可用性问题和卡诺模型需求分类，设计多套改进方案。使用模糊综合评价法对这些草案进行早期评价，从中选出最佳方案并以此深入设计。通过最终的设计实践验证了文章中提出的设计方法的有效性。

     In the traditional manufacturing model, the factory production plan is oriented to large-scale orders, which has the characteristics of large production scale, long manufacturing cycle and large initial investment. This has made it increasingly difficult for traditional manufacturing to adapt to the current diversified market. In order to meet the new market demand represented by customization and personalization, the manufacturing industry urgently needs a new production model. On the one hand, in the Made in China 2025 plan, the customized production model has attracted national attention and is considered to have great development potential in this field. On the other hand, modern manufacturing is becoming more and more complex, and the division of labor is becoming more and more refined, and the knowledge of relevant practitioners has become narrower. This makes it difficult to communicate between designers and production personnel, and it is difficult to implement good design solutions into excellent products. To sum up, small customized production equipment plays a vital role in various fields such as production, design and scientific research.

       This paper takes the small desktop blister machine as the main research object, and studies the advantages and disadvantages of the existing desktop blister machine through usability experiments. In this paper, the usability index system of desktop blister machine is constructed through usability test, which provides a basis for the research of similar products in the future. Through the extreme user method and the card sorting method, the qualitative research of the traditional Kano model can be quantified, and the efficiency of user research is improved and the cost is reduced.

       The content of this paper is mainly divided into the following 3 parts:

       Firstly, through market research and user research, the advantages and disadvantages and target users of the desktop blister machine are determined. The target group is further subdivided, and the extreme user groups that can best reflect the usability of the desktop blister machine are extracted by making user portraits and synthesizing various factors such as project objectives, academic value and experimental feasibility.

       Secondly, the usability experiment was designed, and the blister process was divided into four stages and a total of fourteen steps. Observing and recording all the operation steps of the tested population in the whole process of use, and counting parameters such as the number of errors and wasted time of the tested subjects in each step. Compare this data with the operational data of expert users to find usability problems encountered by target users. Based on this, create a user journey map and a usability indicator system. After the usability experiment, the subjects were asked to fill in a questionnaire to obtain the subjects' subjective satisfaction with different demands, and to establish a Kano model of desktop-level blister demands.

       Finally, according to the obtained desktop-level blister machine usability problems and Kano model requirements classification, a number of improvement plans are designed. These drafts are evaluated early using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and the best options are selected and further designed. The validity of the design method proposed in the article is verified by the final design practice.

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