在当前能源紧张的需求背景下，煤的应用领域不断扩大，需求量与日俱增。煤岩组分分离的研究可进一步阐明煤质特征和进行煤质评价，是促进煤炭综合、高效利用的有效途径之一。针对实现煤岩组分有效分离的关键技术问题，本论文以实现煤岩组分有效粉碎解离和浮选富集为主要研发思路，系统的探讨了不同粉碎方式对煤岩组分解离情况，以及不同浮选药剂对煤岩组分分离富集效果的影响，为浮选法高效分离富集煤岩组分提供了理论基础。 以神府煤为研究对象，探讨了代表不同粉碎力方式的典型设备：棒磨机、行星球磨机和气流粉碎机的粉碎特性及粉碎产品特征，重点研究了棒磨机和行星球磨机的磨矿时间因素、气流粉碎机的粉碎压力因素对煤岩组分解离情况的影响，并通过筛分实验和比重液浮沉实验对结果进行检测。试验结果表明，随着棒磨和球磨磨矿时间的延长，细粒级煤样收率增加，粗粒级煤样收率减少；而随着气流粉碎压力的增大，各产品煤样收率变化不大。经过筛分后，重组分在粗粒级煤中含量较高，而轻质组分在细粒级煤中含量较高，可知在磨矿和筛分过程中煤岩组分有差异富集现象，即镜质组较易富集在粗粒级煤样中，而惰质组较易富集在细粒级煤样中。浮沉试验表明，棒磨粉碎方式对煤岩组分的解离优于球磨粉碎和气流粉碎方式，细粒级含量更高，煤岩组分解离更加充分。在本研究的实验范围内，神府煤在棒磨时间6min，球磨时间2min，气流粉碎压力0.6MPa时，煤岩组分解离最好，团聚现象最少。 在研究煤岩组分润湿性和表面电位的基础上，本文系统的研究了捕收剂类型、捕收剂用量、絮凝剂类型以及絮凝剂用量对煤岩组分浮选分离效果的影响。由研究结果可知：阳离子型捕收剂较阴离子型捕收剂和非离子型捕收剂效果较好；以十二胺作捕收剂时，浮物镜质组富集率和沉物惰质组富集率可分别达到83.29%和47.44%。结合絮凝剂自身的带电效应和絮凝作用，提出采用絮凝剂与捕收剂混合使用分离神府煤煤岩组分的工艺及方法。本实验研究范围内，对应浮物收率递变规律为：聚合氯化铝>二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵>聚丙烯酰胺；而沉物收率规律刚好相反，且差异不大。不同类型絮凝剂对神府煤煤岩组分富集率的影响不同：采用无机高分子絮凝剂聚合氯化铝对应显微组分的富集效果较好，其次是有机高分子阳离子型絮凝剂二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵，有机高分子阴离子型絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺对应显微组分富集效果较差；其中十二胺与聚合氯化铝结合浮选效果较好，对应浮物镜质组富集率和沉物惰质组富集率可分别达到93.20%和50.79%。 该论文有图26幅，表17个，参考文献55篇。

Under the situation of energy crisis in the world, the utilizations of coal are expanded and the requirements of coal are increasing day by day. The study of macerals separation could be further clarified quality characteristics and quality evaluation of coal, also it could promote coal integrated and efficient use. In order to achieve key technical problems of macerals effective separation, this paper aimed to achieve effective dissociation with crushing and enrichment with flotation, the influence of the dissociation of macerals by different crushing methods was explored, and the effect of the separation and enrichment of macerals with different flotation reagents, which provided a theoretical basis to separation and enrichment of macerals with flotation. Taking Shenfu coal as the research object, explored crushing characteristics and product features of rod milling grinding, ball milling grinding and jet milling grinding methods, the effect of the dissociation of macerals with grinding time and crushing pressure factor was studied, the grinding samples were tested by sizing and float and sink analyze. The results indicated that fine fraction was increasing with the rod mill and ball mill grinding time increased, but the product of coal yield changed little with the increasing of jet milling pressure. The heavy density content in coarse coal was higher with screening, and the higher content of low density components in fine coal was also higher. The grinding and sieving process of coal macerals have difference enrichment phenomenon, namely the vitrinite easily enriched in the coarse coal samples, and vitrinite easily enriched in fine particle in coal samples. The float and sink test showed that coal maceral dissociation of rod grinding is better than that of ball milling and grinding and jet milling, which fine fraction was higher, and coal macerals decomposed might be more fully. The better grinding time was 6min and 2min by rod milling and ball milling and jet milling pressure was 0.6MPa for the Shenfu coal macerals from the best dissociation and less aggregation. Based on the study of coal wettability and surface potential, the effect of different types and dosage of flotation reagents, types and dosage of flocculants on the separation and enrichment of macerals was studied in this paper. The results shown that, the separation results were better of cationic collector than those of anionic collector and non-ionic collector. When cationic dodecylamine was used as collector, the enrichment rates of vitrinite in floats and inertinite in sinks could be reached 83.29% and 47.44%, respectively. Combined with the charging effect and flocculation effect of flocculants, the technology and process were put forward of the flocculant and collector mixed used in Shenfu coal macerals separation. The floats yield regularity was decreasing of polymeric aluminum chloride, two dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and polyacrylamide, and sinks yield laws were just the opposite and the difference was little. Effects of different types of flocculants on Shenfu coal macerals enrichment were different. It has better enrichment of macerals with inorganic polymer flocculants of polymerization aluminum chloride(PAC), and the effect was followed by organic polymer cationic flocculant of two dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, then maceral enrichment was poor of organic polymer anion type of polyacrylamide flocculant. The floatation results were well with the combinated use of dodecylamine and PAC as collector, and the enrichment rates of vitrinite in floats and inertinite in sinks could be reached 93.20% and 50.79%, respectively. This paper has 26 figures, 17 tables, 55 references.