污水处理厂在处理污水同时会产生大量的污泥，污泥中含有大量有机物，还含有重金属、病源微生物和寄生虫卵等，对其进行材料化利用，可充分利用污泥中有用成分，避免二次污染，是今后污泥处置的最终途径。与传统的马弗炉加热法相比，微波诱导热解制备含碳吸附剂技术具有高效、快速、设备简单等优点，用该法制备的吸附剂对染料废水有着很好的处理效果，具有很好的应用前景。 　　　论文以西安北石桥污水处理厂剩余污泥作为原料，H2SO4、ZnCl2、NaOH、H3PO4为活化剂，采用微波加热法制备吸附剂，借助碘吸附值测试，优选出该含碳吸附剂的活化剂及制备工艺条件。结果表明：NaOH是较理想的活化剂，在微波功率560 W，微波时间3 min，活化剂浓度40%，固液比为1:1.5时制备的吸附剂碘值为360.43mg/g。 　　　以Cu(NO3)2和Fe(NO3)3为浸渍液，采用马弗炉活化和微波辐照活化，对含碳吸附剂进一步处理，制备负载型含碳吸附剂，考察了浸渍液浓度、干燥时间、微波功率（焙烧温度）和辐照时间（焙烧时间）对负载型含碳吸附剂亚甲基蓝吸附值的影响，探讨了负载型含碳吸附剂制备的最佳工艺条件，借助电感耦合等离子发射光谱（ICP）、扫描电镜（SEM）、红外光谱（FTIR)、比表面积及孔结构分析、热重分析（TGA）、紫外可见分光光谱测试，对负载型含碳吸附剂进行了性能表征，考察其对甲基模拟废水脱色率和地层采出水COD去除率，以及吸附动力学。结果表明微波法制备的负载型吸附剂对亚甲基蓝的脱色效果较好，负载铜时干燥时间6h，浸渍液18mL，微波功率480W，辐照3min，亚甲基蓝值为57.23 mg/g，微孔率17.79%，甲基橙去除率率60.33%，采出水COD的去除率51.23%。负载铁时浸渍液20mL，微波功率640W，辐照1min，对应的亚甲基蓝值56.15mg/g，微孔率19.82%，甲基橙去除率率68.12%，采出水COD的去除率55.32%，负载型吸附剂吸附规律符合Langmuir等温方程和Freundlich等温方程。

With the development of wastewater, sewage sludge was produced in an ever increasing amount. Without proper treatment and disposal, sewage sludge would cause a secondary pollution problem, because it is rich in organic materials, and substantial amout of dangerous substances, as well as heavy metals and pathogenic germs. Materialization of sewage sludge is becoming more and more important way of treatment sewage sludge. Compared with traditional electrical heating, preparing sludge adsorbent by microwave-induced pyrolysis has the advantage of high effective, high-speed. Adsorbent prepared through this technology has very good effect on treating of dye wastewater, and has a good application prospect. 　　　This paper was focus on the preparation of activated sludge adsorbent, which was used city sewage treatment plant sludge as raw material, H2SO4、ZnCl2、NaOH、H3PO4 as activator, sludge adsorbent iodine value was measured through a single factor and orthogonal experiment investigation. It was shown that the optimum microwave power was 560W, microwave time 3 min, concentration of activator 40%, and solid-to-liquid ratio 1:1.5 with the best adsorption values about 360.43 mg/g. 　　　Muffle furnace and microwave irradiation was used to activate the sludge adsorbent, with sodium hydroxide as activator, copper nitrate and ferric nitrate as dip liquid. Effect of impregnation liquid concentration, drying time, microwave power (roasting temperature), irradiation time, and roasting time to the adsorption value of methylene blue though a single factor experiment were investigated. By means of ICP, SEM, FTIR, specific surface area and pore structure analyses, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), ultraviolet visible light spectrum tests, the metal-loaded absorbents were characterized, the decolorization rate of methylene simulation wastewater and COD removal, as well as the adsorption kinetics were also identified. It was found that the decolirazation to methylene of loaded adsorbent by microwave was better than that prepared in muffle furnace, the optimum drying time was 6 h, impregnation liquid volume 18 mL, irradiation time 3 min, microwave power 480 w, the best absorption of methylene blue value 57.23 mg/g, specific surface area 6.7218m2/g, methyl orange decolorization rate is 60.33%, COD removal rate 51.23%, microporosity 17.79% for the copper loaded absorbent, but as the iron loaded adsorbent, impregnation liquid product is 20 mL, irradiation time 1 min, and microwave power 640W, the absorption value of methylene blue about 56.15 mg/g, surface area 9.0558m2/g, methyl orange decolorization rate 68.12%, COD removal rate of simulated wate 55.32%, microporosity 19.82%. Adsorption conforms to Langmuir isotherm equation and Freundlich isothermal equation.