在煤炭开采领域中，不同地质采矿条件下的矿体开采所引发的一系列开采沉陷问题复杂多变，其中厚松散层下煤炭开采产生的地表沉陷变形规律较为不同。其沉陷系数相较于松散层较薄或无松散层等一般开采条件更大，产生的沉降变形区域范围也更大。由于开采沉陷严重影响了煤矿的安全生产，造成了环境破坏等问题，因此对厚松散层下的煤炭开采研究具有重要意义。本文以魏墙煤矿1301工作面为研究对象，采用现场监测、理论分析、数值模拟相结合的方法对矿区厚松散层下煤炭开采地表移动变形规律进行研究，为厚松散层矿区开采沉陷工程实践提供依据与方法。论文主要研究内容如下：

（1）在魏墙煤矿1301工作面现场布置地表移动观测站，在工作面中心位置分别设置了走向和倾向两条互相垂直的地表移动观测线。走向线共布置测点20个，倾向线共布置测点33个，测点共计53个。并在之后展开全面观测和日常观测，实时获取地表移动观测数据，为分析地表变形规律提供支撑。

（2）以魏墙煤矿1301工作面为研究对象，基于实际矿区厚松散层下的煤炭开采情况，利用回归分析法，分析开采沉陷预计参数与对应工作面地质条件参数（包括开采深度、松散层厚度、基岩厚度、走向与倾向采动程度等）之间的关系，总结预计参数与厚松散层地质条件之间的规律。确定地表开采沉陷预计参数及移动角量参数的取值，分析厚松散层下开采的参数具体特征。

（3）进行魏墙矿区地表移动变形预计研究，基于地表移动变形预计方法，在概率积分法的基础上进行修正，得到在厚松散层下开采的概率积分预计公式，计算了观测线上所有测点的下沉、倾斜、曲率、水平变形等预计数据。同时也基于Boltzmann函数预计模型进行预计，并将概率积分法预计结果和Boltzmann函数模型预计结果共同拟合分析，研究厚松散层下的地表变形预计规律。

（4）通过运用FLAC^3D数值模拟软件，根据魏墙煤矿厚松散层地质条件和岩石物理力学参数，充分考虑地表移动影响范围和矿区实际地质概况，建立厚松散层下煤层条带开采平面模型，对1301工作面重复采动条件下的地表下沉规律进行数值模拟，得到了位移和应力的变化特点。得出了魏墙地区厚松散层和黄土层等特殊地形地貌下的开采沉陷规律，发现地表移动破坏在沟壑或边缘范围内更为显著，且厚松散层的存在对地表变形范围有一定影响作用。这些研究结果为魏墙矿区厚松散层下的采矿活动规划、环境保护协调提供了科学依据。

关 键 词：厚松散层；地表观测；地表沉陷；概率积分法；地表移动变形规律

研究类型：应用研究

In the field of coal mining, a series of mining subsidence problems caused by ore body mining under different geological mining conditions are complicated and changeable, among which the surface subsidence deformation laws caused by coal mining under thick loose layer are quite different. Compared with the general mining conditions such as thin or no loose layer, the subsidence coefficient is larger and the subsidence deformation area is larger. Because mining subsidence seriously affects the safety production of coal mines and causes environmental damage, it is of great significance to study coal mining under thick loose beds. In this paper, the 1301 working face of WeiQiang Coal Mine is taken as the research object, and the surface movement and deformation rule of coal mining under thick loose layer is studied by the method of field monitoring, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, which provides the basis and method for mining subsidence engineering practice in thick loose layer mining area. The main research contents of this paper are as follows:

(1) The ground movement observation station is set up on the site of 1301 working face in WeiQiang Coal Mine, and two vertical ground movement observation lines are set up respectively in the center of the working face. There are a total of 20 measuring points in the strike line and 33 measuring points in the dip line, totaling 53 measuring points. After that, comprehensive observation and daily observation were carried out to obtain real-time observation data of surface movement, providing support for the analysis of surface deformation laws.

(2) Taking the 1301 working face of WeiQiang Coal Mine as the research object, based on the coal mining situation under the thick loose layer in the actual mining area, regression analysis is used to analyze the relationship between the predicted mining subsidence parameters and the geological conditions of the corresponding working face (including mining depth, loose layer thickness, bedrock thickness, trend and inclined mining degree, etc). The relationship between the predicted parameters and the geological conditions of thick loose beds is summarized. The values of subsidence prediction parameters and movement Angle parameters of surface mining are determined, and the specific characteristics of mining parameters under thick loose layer are analyzed.

(3) Based on the prediction method of surface movement and deformation in WeiQiang Mining area, the probability integral prediction formula for mining under the thick loose layer is obtained by modifying the probability integral method. The predicted data of subsidence, inclination, curvature and horizontal deformation of all measurement points on the observation line are calculated. At the same time, the prediction is also made based on the Boltzmann function prediction model, and the prediction results of probability integral method and Boltzmann function model are fitted together to analyze, and the prediction law of surface deformation under the thick loose layer is studied.

(4) By using the FLAC3D numerical simulation software, according to the geological conditions and rock physical and mechanical parameters of the thick loose layer in WeiQiang Coal Mine, and fully considering the influence range of surface movement and the actual geological situation of the mining area, the strip mining plane model of the coal seam under the thick loose layer is established, and the surface subsidence rule under the repeated mining condition of the working face of 1301 is numerically simulated. The variation characteristics of displacement and stress are obtained. The mining subsidence rules under special landforms such as thick loose layer and yellow soil layer in WeiQiang area are obtained. It is found that the surface movement failure is more significant in the gully or edge range, and the existence of thick loose layer has a certain effect on the surface deformation range. These research results provide a scientific basis for mining activity planning and environmental protection coordination under the thick loose layer in WeiQiang mining area.

Key words: Thick loose layer; Surface observation; Surface subsidence; Probability integral method;Surface movement and deformation law

Thesis: Application Researc

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