我国是一个地形复杂的国家，山地、丘陵地区分布较广，交通不发达给这些地区的经济发展和生产生活带来了严重的不便。如今，随着我国经济技术的不断发展，交通建设行业得到了迅速进步，尤其是隧道工程的快速发展大大促进了山区与其他地区之间的联系。然而在山地和丘陵等地区建设隧道的同时也遇到了许多技术难题，如在隧道穿越山岭时遇到断层破碎带、软弱松散围岩、承压水层等，这些复杂地质是造成工程事故的主要原因之一，因此对这类问题进行研究学习是保证工程安全和施工进度的必要保障。 本文通过abaqus有限元数值模拟的方法，结合新缯西河隧道地质勘察报告和施工具体情况，模拟不同施工方法和支护手段相结合的情况，观察围岩和衬砌、锚杆钢拱架等支护结构的应力分布及位移变化。得出：隧道开挖后围岩应力释放，临空面的压应力整体比未开挖时的压应力小，在无水平构造应力的情况下围岩的应力与位移变化在隧道的两侧呈对称分布；采用复合衬砌支护隧道位移变形率减少了28%-34%，但断层处的正应力与剪应力均超过了衬砌的抗拉与抗剪强度，因此仅采用复合衬砌支护不能满足支护要求；采用超前管棚支护位移减小率为42%-67%，锚杆钢拱架支护位移减小率为10%-37%，两者兼用位移减小率为44%-68%，因此破碎带处采用超前管棚支护的效果比锚杆钢拱架支护效果好；在破碎带的中部采用分层开挖效果较好，破碎带与完整围岩的交界面处既可以采用全断面开挖也可以采用分层开挖等结论。

China is a complex terrain in the terrain, mountainous, hilly areas are widely distributed, the traffic is not developed to the economic development and production of these areas has brought serious inconvenience. Nowadays, with the continuous development of China's economy and technology, the traffic construction industry has made rapid progress, especially the rapid development of tunnel engineering has greatly promoted the connection between mountain area and other areas. However, in the mountains and hills and other areas of the construction of the tunnel at the same time also encountered many technical problems, such as in the tunnel through the mountains encountered fault zone, weak loose surrounding rock, confined aquifer, these complex geological causes of engineering accidents One of the reasons, so the study of such problems is to ensure the safety of construction and construction of the necessary protection. In this paper, the abaqus finite element numerical simulation method, combined with the new geological survey report and construction of the West River tunnel to simulate the different construction methods and means of support the combination of observation of the surrounding rock and lining, anchor steel arch and other support The stress distribution and displacement of the structure. It is concluded that the compressive stress of the surrounding rock after the tunnel excavation is less than the compressive stress of the temporary surface, and the stress and displacement of the surrounding rock are not on both sides of the tunnel in the absence of tectonic stress. Symmetrical distribution; the use of composite lining support tunnel displacement deformation rate decreased by 28% -34%, but the fault at the normal stress and shear stress are more than the lining of the tensile and shear strength, so only the use of composite lining support can not meet Support reduction; the use of advanced pipe shed support displacement reduction rate of 42% -67%, anchor steel arch support displacement reduction rate of 10% -37%, both with a displacement reduction rate of 44% 68%, so the effect of using the advanced pipe roof support is better than that of the anchor steel arch. The effect of the stratified excavation is better in the middle of the crushing zone, and the interface between the crushing zone and the complete surrounding rock Both can be used full-section excavation can also be used stratification excavation and other conclusions.