随着土地利用不断加深和城市化进程加快，对地表植被产生的影响不断加强，研究植被覆盖度的时空变化及其影响因素，可为区域生态文明建设和生态环境保护提供参考。本文以山西省为研究对象，首先应用Sen趋势分析法、稳定性分析法、重新标度极差分析法开展山西省2000-2020年植被覆盖度时空分布及其演变过程研究，其次探究气候因子和地形因子等自然因素和GDP、人口等非自然因素与植被覆盖度之间的关系，为十四五期间山西省开展的国土综合整治与生态修复、城市有机更新、实施乡村振兴提供参考依据。主要结论如下：

从时间上来看，年际植被覆盖度呈增加趋势，增加速率为0.16%/a；分季节来看，春季、夏季、秋季呈增加趋势，增加速率分别为0.40%/a，0.31%/a，0.01%/a；冬季呈减少趋势，减少速率为-0.01%/a；分月份来看，1月、2月、12月呈减小趋势，其余月份呈增加趋势。从空间分布上来看，研究区表现出盆地内城区及其周围植被覆盖度低，周边丘陵山地植被覆盖度高的空间分布特征。2000-2020年间研究区植被覆盖度稳定性表现出大部分区域处于稳定状态，轻度浮动、重度浮动集中的特点，植被覆盖度持续性表现出大部分区域都处于强持续性，弱反持续性分布集中的特点，但空间差异性不明显。

山西省年均植被覆盖度与年均降水量相关性最高为0.90，与年均气温相关性最高为0.84。年均植被覆盖度与年均气温呈正相关的区域占研究区面积的41.02%，主要分布在朔州市西部、忻州市中西部，吕梁市中部等地区，其中显著正相关占39.03%；两者呈负相关的区域占研究区面积的58.98%，主要分布在大同市东部、忻州市东部，太原市北部等地区，其中显著负相关占52.28%。年均植被覆盖度与年均降水量呈正相关的区域占研究区面积的72.60%，主要分布在吕梁市、太原市、大同市、朔州市、临汾市，其中显著正相关占56.25%，呈负相关的区域占研究区面积的27.4%，主要分布在忻州市东部、晋中市、长治市东部太行山脉、晋城市南部，其中显著负相关占26.09%。从高程来看，研究区内植被覆盖度随着高程的增加先增加后下降；从坡度来看，平坡的植被覆盖度最低，其均值为0.35，陡坡的植被覆盖度最高，其均值为0.70；从坡向来看，平地上的植被覆盖度最低，其均值为0.31，其余坡向上的植被覆盖度均在0.40以上，说明研究区内植被生长受到地形中坡向因子的影响微弱。

通过对研究区2000年、2010年、2020年三期土地利用数据进行分析，发现研究区耕地面积持续下降，两个10年间分别下降了0.65%和1.47%；林地面积在持续增长，两个10年间分别增长了0.15%和0.24%，建设用地面积也在持续增加，两个10年间分别增长了0.38%，2.82%，其余土地利用类型基本保持不变。不同土地利用类型下年均植被覆盖度具有差异性，其中林地的植被覆盖度年平均值最高，常年高于0.6，建设用地年均植被覆盖度一直处于低值状态，基本保持在0.2。通过统计不同区间GDP、人口密度的植被覆盖度情况，从整体来看，植被覆盖度与GDP、人口密度呈反比关系。研究区植被覆盖度与人口的相关系数范围为-0.97-0.97，平均相关系数为-0.06，研究区植被覆盖度与GDP的相关系数范围为-0.99-0.99，平均相关系数为0.18。经过残差分析得到人类活动对植被覆盖度存在负干扰的地区占研究区面积的37.22%，主要分布在临汾市南部、长治市、运城市、晋城市和大同市、忻州市东部地区和太原盆地；存在正干扰的地区占研究区面积的62.78%，主要分布在吕梁市的东部地区、太原市中南部、忻州市西部、晋中市和阳泉市。

With the deepening of land use and the acceleration of urbanization, the impact on surface vegetation has been continuously strengthened. Studying the temporal and spatial changes of vegetation coverage and its influencing factors can provide reference for the construction of regional ecological civilization and ecological environmental protection. This paper takes Shanxi Province as the research object. First, the Sen trend analysis method, stability analysis method, and rescaled range analysis method are used to study the spatiotemporal distribution and evolution process of vegetation coverage in Shanxi Province from 2000 to 2020. The relationship between natural factors such as topographic factors and unnatural factors such as GDP and population and vegetation coverage provides a reference for the comprehensive land improvement and ecological restoration, urban organic renewal, and rural revitalization carried out in Shanxi Province during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. The main conclusions are as follows:

From the time point of view, the inter-annual vegetation coverage shows an increasing trend, with an increase rate of 0.16%/a; in terms of seasons, spring, summer, and autumn show an increasing trend, with an increase rate of 0.40%/a and 0.31%/a, respectively. 0.01%/a; it showed a decreasing trend in winter, and the decreasing rate was -0.01%/a; in terms of months, it showed a decreasing trend in January, February, and December, and the remaining months showed an increasing trend. From the perspective of spatial distribution, the study area shows the spatial distribution characteristics of low vegetation coverage in the urban area of ​​the basin and its surrounding areas, and high vegetation coverage in the surrounding hills and mountains. The stability of vegetation coverage in the study area from 2000 to 2020 showed that most areas were in a stable state, with slight fluctuations and heavy fluctuations and concentrated characteristics. The characteristics of the distribution are concentrated, but the spatial differences are not obvious.

The correlation between the annual average vegetation coverage and the annual average precipitation in Shanxi Province is the highest 0.90, and the highest correlation with the annual average temperature is 0.84. The area where the annual average vegetation coverage is positively correlated with the average annual temperature accounts for 41.02% of the area of ​​the study area, mainly in western Shuozhou, central and western Xinzhou, and central Luliang, among which 39.03% are significantly positively correlated; Negatively correlated areas accounted for 58.98% of the study area, and were mainly distributed in the eastern part of Datong City, the eastern part of Xinzhou City, and the northern part of Taiyuan City, among which the significant negative correlation accounted for 52.28%. The area where the annual average vegetation coverage is positively correlated with the average annual precipitation accounts for 72.60% of the area of ​​the study area, mainly distributed in Luliang City, Taiyuan City, Datong City, Shuozhou City, and Linfen City. Negatively correlated areas accounted for 27.4% of the study area, and were mainly distributed in the east of Xinzhou City, Jinzhong City, the Taihang Mountains in the east of Changzhi City, and the south of Jincheng City, of which 26.09% were significantly negatively correlated. From the perspective of elevation, the vegetation coverage in the study area increases first and then decreases with the increase of elevation; from the perspective of slope, the vegetation coverage of flat slopes is the lowest, with an average value of 0.35, and the vegetation coverage of steep slopes is the highest, with an average value of 0.70. ; From the aspect of the slope, the vegetation coverage on the flat land is the lowest, with an average value of 0.31, and the vegetation coverage on the other slopes is above 0.40, indicating that the vegetation growth in the study area is weakly affected by the aspect factor in the terrain.

By analyzing the land use data of the study area in 2000, 2010 and 2020, it was found that the cultivated land area in the study area continued to decline, with a decrease of 0.65% and 1.47% respectively in the two 10 years; the forest area continued to increase, and the two 10 years The annual growth rate was 0.15% and 0.24% respectively, and the construction land area also continued to increase, with an increase of 0.38% and 2.82% respectively in the two 10 years, and the rest of the land use types remained basically unchanged. The average annual vegetation coverage of different land use types is different, among which the annual average of forest land is the highest, which is higher than 0.6 all the year round, and the annual average vegetation coverage of construction land has been in a low state, basically maintained at 0.2. By calculating the vegetation coverage of GDP and population density in different intervals, on the whole, vegetation coverage is inversely proportional to GDP and population density. The correlation coefficient between vegetation coverage and population in the study area ranges from -0.97 to 0.97, and the average correlation The coefficient is -0.06, the correlation coefficient between vegetation coverage and GDP in the study area ranges from -0.99 to 0.99, and the average correlation coefficient is 0.18. Through residual analysis, it is found that the areas where human activities have negative interference to vegetation coverage account for 37.22% of the study area, mainly distributed in southern Linfen, Changzhi, Yuncheng, Jincheng and Datong, eastern Xinzhou and Taiyuan Basin The areas with positive interference accounted for 62.78% of the study area, mainly in the eastern part of Luliang City, the central and southern part of Taiyuan City, the western part of Xinzhou City, Jinzhong City and Yangquan City.

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