摘  要

       地球环境日益恶化，可供人类使用的资源也日渐减少，各个国家从可持续发展的角度出发，将目光集中在清洁无污染的太阳能发电。光伏电池作为将光能变为电能的核心部分，其输出曲线是一条有且仅有一个最值点的单峰值曲线，而光伏电池输出的时变性影响着系统能否高效运行，因此在系统中引入最大功率点追踪技术（Maximum Power Point Tracking, MPPT），为清洁能源发电代替传统发电方式提供更好的基础。本文的主要研究内容如下：

       首先通过学习光伏发电的物理基础原理和不同参数的工程模型，研究其输出特性与光照幅度、温度的相关性；其次分析几种传统MPPT方法的原理及其最佳使用环境，在此基础上提出较完善的智慧配对算法，将可行性作为量化指标，以可行性的大小对传统算法进行智慧分配，以达到在任一时刻、任一环境下，系统都可以为光伏发电选择出最佳的MPPT控制方法。

       但是当光伏电池出现局部遮阴现象时，其输出曲线变为多峰值曲线，传统MPPT算法容易失效，一般使用智能算法追踪。本文提出在扰动观察法中加入电流变化量作为判别条件，减少扰动观察法在环境快速变化情况下的误判，并且利用改进后的扰动观察法来判别目前光伏阵列所处的环境是否发生局部遮阴，若此时光照均匀变化，则继续使用扰动观察法追踪，若发生局部遮阴，则启动添加电压限制窗口的粒子群算法进行全局搜索，针对不同情况使用不同的算法追踪。

       根据光伏发电系统的数学模型，在MATLAB-Simulink中搭建光伏电池单体以及光伏发电系统的仿真模型。对以上提到的不同种类的MPPT方法进行仿真模拟并验证其收敛性。比较仿真波形，可以验证本文提出的改进算法提升追踪速度和系统稳定性。

                                                 ABSTRACT

      The earth's environment is deteriorating day by day, the resources available for human use are also decreasing. From the perspective of sustainable development,all countries focus on clean and pollution-free solar power generation. As the core part of transforming light energy into electric energy, the output curve of photovoltaic cell is a single peak curve with and only one Maximum value Point. The time-varying nature of photovoltaic cell output affects whether the system can operate efficiently. Consequently, combine the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology with the system, provides a better foundation for clean energy power generation to replace traditional power generation. What has mainly investigated in this dissertation are brought forward:

       Firstly, by learning the physical principles of photovoltaic power generation and engineering models with different parameters, construct mathematical models of photovoltaic cells and photovoltaic arrays, the correlation between its output characteristics and illumination amplitude and temperature was studied. Secondly, the principles of several MPPT methods are analyzed in detail , and their optimal use environment., on this basis, a more complete smart matching algorithm is proposed, feasibility is used as a quantitative indicator, and traditional algorithms are smartly allocated based on the feasibility, so as to achieve that at any time and in any environment, the system can choose the best MPPT control method for photovoltaic power generation.

        However, when the photovoltaic cell appears local shading phenomenon, its output curve becomes multi-peak curve, so the traditional MPPT algorithm is easy to fail. This paper proposes to add the amount of current change in the disturbance observation method as the judgment condition to reduce the misjudgment of the disturbance observation method in the case of rapid environmental changes, and use the improved disturbance observation method to determine whether the current environment of the photovoltaic array is partially shaded. If the illumination changes uniformly at this time, continue to use the perturbation observation method to track. If local shading occurs, start the particle swarm algorithm with the voltage limit window to perform a global search. Different tracking algorithms are used for different environmental conditions.

       According to the mathematical model of the photovoltaic power generation system, the simulation model of PV cell monomer and photovoltaic power generation system is built in MATLAB-Simulink. Simulate the different types of MPPT methods mentioned above and verify their convergence. The comparison shows that the improved algorithm proposed in this paper improves the tracking speed and system stability.

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