近年来中央高度重视煤炭领域安全生产工作，但煤矿安全事故仍时常发生。掘进是煤矿开采过程中的重要工序，具有强度大、风险高、环境差等特点，如果对该区域存在的风险不加以识别和防范，会造成严重的后果。目前，煤矿企业在推进安全掘进过程中，首要的任务即是有效地识别和控制风险。

本文针对上述问题，以青龙寺煤矿5^-2煤北翼大巷地区为例，通过探究矿井概况及巷道掘进施工方法与掘进工艺，建立了掘进安全评价框架，对煤矿巷道掘进操作岗位及掘进区域的安全风险进行了深入的评价和分析。主要研究成果为：

（1）首先，对青龙寺煤矿矿井概况进行了介绍并对其存在问题进行了探讨。本文所研究矿井煤层为5^-2，煤层以半暗煤为主，煤层绝对瓦斯涌出量为1.73m³/min，矿井煤层瓦斯相对涌出量为0.21m³/t，最短自然发火期为45天，自燃倾向性为Ⅰ类，属容易自燃煤层且有煤尘爆炸性。随后介绍了5^-2煤北翼大巷的巷道布置及巷道的支护设计。该矿采取连续采煤机掘进进行顺序掘进作业和支护作业，实现采煤机在掘进工作面的连续操作，针对上述施工与支护方法的具体情况本文接下来对掘进作业进行安全风险评价。

（2）通过层次分析法（AHP）建立煤矿掘进安全评价指标层次结构模型，对评价体系的准则层和指标层权重进行计算汇总。发现准则层中D管理安全因素的相对权重最高，指标层中A1顶板和底板结构、B3设备本质安全、C3粉尘、D1安全管理规章制度完善性分别在各自准则层中所占权重最高。随后采用模糊综合评价法构建评价模型，并分别对准则层、指标层和目标层进行了模糊评价，对评价结果进行汇总发现准则层4项准则层指标评价得分均在80分以上，处于良好及以上水平，青龙寺煤矿在5^-2煤北翼大巷掘进安全评价中整体表现良好。随后针对计算结果对准则层各因素提出了改进建议，以进一步提升掘进作业的安全水平，确保生产的顺利进行。

（3）以实地调研的方式对煤矿的掘进作业岗位实施全面的安全风险评价。采用作业条件危险性评价法对煤矿掘进作业进行全面的安全风险评价，了解涉及的危险因素。首先制定了岗位安全风险评价体系，并对掘进作业中的危险因素进行风险评价，绘制了一套区分危险因素风险等级的五色图。据统计数据显示，维修岗位、掘进作业岗位、临时支护岗位以及永久性支护岗位均在其中得到了详尽的风险评价。这四个关键岗位上的共计118项危险因素中I级风险有6项，Ⅱ级风险有14项，Ⅲ级风险有9项，Ⅳ级风险有37项，涉及其他级别风险因素有52项。

（4）运用风险矩阵方法对煤矿掘进巷道的风险因素进行了深入评价。具体分析了巷道工作区域的事故类别和事故发生的特定地点。建立了区域安全风险评价框架，通过计算，得出了掘进巷道各区域内45种不同风险因素的评价指标R值。结果显示，有一个被评为Ⅰ级的极高风险因素，表示存在特别重大的风险；有三个被评为Ⅱ级的高风险因素；14个被评为Ⅲ级的中等风险因素；以及28个被评为Ⅳ级的一般风险因素。

本文通过分析青龙寺煤矿5^-2煤北翼大巷概况以及巷道掘进施工方法，通过确定掘进安全评价指标，对巷道掘进作业岗位和施工区域安全风险进行评价分析，为煤矿巷道掘进提供理论指导，旨在有效减少煤矿掘进过程中的安全事故，提升企业的安全管理效能。

In recent years, the central government has attached great importance to the work of safety in the coal field, but coal mine safety accidents still occur frequently. Tunneling is an important process in the process of coal mining, which has the characteristics of high intensity, high risk and poor environment, and if the risks in the area are not identified and prevented, it will cause serious consequences. At present, the primary task of coal mining enterprises in the process of promoting safe tunneling is to effectively identify and control risks.

In view of the above problems, this paper takes the north wing alley area of Qinglongsi Coal Mine 5^-2 Coal Mine as an example, and establishes a tunneling safety evaluation framework by exploring the general situation of the mine, the roadway excavation construction method and tunneling technology, and conducts an in-depth evaluation and analysis of the safety risks of the coal mine excavation operation position and the excavation area. The main research results are as follows:

(1) Firstly, the general situation of Qinglongsi coal mine is introduced and the existing problems are discussed. The coal seam of the mine studied in this paper is 5^-2, the coal seam is mainly semi-dark coal, the absolute gas emission of the coal seam is 1.73m³/min, the relative gas emission of the coal seam is 0.21m³/t, the shortest natural ignition period is 45 days, and the spontaneous combustion tendency is class I., which is a coal seam that is easy to spontaneously ignite and has coal dust explosiveness. Then, the roadway layout and roadway support design of the 5^-2 coal north wing roadway were introduced. The mine adopts continuous shearer excavation for sequential excavation operation and support operation, so as to realize the continuous operation of the shearer in the excavation face, and the safety risk assessment of the excavation operation is carried out in view of the specific situation of the above-mentioned construction and support methods.

(2) The hierarchical structure model of coal mine excavation safety evaluation index was established through AHP, and the weights of the criterion layer and index layer of the evaluation system were calculated and summarized. It is found that the relative weight of the D management safety factor is the highest in the criterion layer, and the A1 roof and bottom plate structure, B3 equipment intrinsic safety, C3 dust, and D1 safety management rules and regulations in the index layer have the highest weights in their respective criterion layers. Then, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to construct the evaluation model, and the fuzzy evaluation of the criterion layer, the index layer and the target layer was carried out respectively, and the evaluation results were summarized, and it was found that the evaluation scores of the four criterion layer indicators in the criterion layer were all above 80 points, which were at the good level and above, and the overall performance of Qinglongsi Coal Mine in the safety evaluation of the tunneling safety of the north wing of the 5^-2 coal mine was good. Then, according to the calculation results, suggestions for improving the factors of the criterion layer are put forward to further improve the safety level of the tunnelling operation and ensure the smooth progress of production.

(3) Carry out a comprehensive safety risk assessment of the excavation operation positions of the coal mine by means of field investigation. The risk assessment method of operating conditions is used to conduct a comprehensive safety risk assessment of coal mine excavation operations to understand the risk factors involved. Firstly, the post safety risk assessment system was formulated, and the risk assessment of the risk factors in the excavation operation was carried out, and a set of five-color maps were drawn to distinguish the risk levels of risk factors. According to statistics, maintenance positions, excavation positions, temporary support positions and permanent support positions have all received detailed risk assessments. Of the total 118 risk factors in these four key positions, 6 were level I, 14 were level II, 9 were level III, 37 were level IV, and 52 were related to other level risk factors.

(4) The risk matrix method was used to evaluate the risk factors of coal mine roadway. Specifically, the types of accidents in the roadway work area and the specific location where the accident occurred were analyzed. A regional safety risk assessment framework was established, and the evaluation index R values of 45 different risk factors in each area of the roadway were obtained through calculation. The results showed that there was a very high risk factor rated I., indicating a particularly significant risk; There are three high-risk factors that are rated as Level II; 14 were rated as grade III intermediate risk factors; and 28 general risk factors rated as Class IV.

This paper analyzes the general situation of the 5^-2 coal north wing roadway and the roadway excavation construction method of Qinglongsi Coal Mine, and evaluates and analyzes the safety risks of the roadway excavation operation position and construction area by determining the tunneling safety evaluation index, so as to provide theoretical guidance for coal mine roadway excavation, aiming to effectively reduce the safety accidents in the process of coal mine excavation and improve the safety management efficiency of enterprises.

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