煤炭作为一种重要的不可再生资源，对其合理有效的应用尤为重要。由煤中提取化工原料是综合利用煤的有效方法之一。而煤的高效利用及洁净技术的开发主要依托于煤微观组成和结构的研究，煤的溶剂抽提是研究煤化学结构的重要方法之一。 本文采用华亭煤样，通过对煤的微波辅助抽提和低温热解的对比研究，进一步探究煤的分子结构和煤热解焦油的来源，并考察了煤的粒度、热解终温、恒温时间和催化剂对煤热解产生焦油的影响，提高了焦油产率。对原煤、抽提残煤、原煤半焦及残煤半焦进行了粒度、热重、FT-IR等分析，对比了原煤和抽提残煤热解前后性质的差异；对煤热解焦油进行了气相色谱-质谱联用分析，得出了焦油的组成与成分分布，最后提出了煤综合利用的建议。 通过对微波辅助溶剂抽提物与低温热解产物成分和性能进行对比研究，发现华亭原煤的挥发份为42.97%，热解焦油产率为4.75%，六级总抽提率为30.76%，抽提残煤热解焦油产率为0.50%，气体产率为5.18%，六级总抽提率、热解焦油产率与气体产率三者之和为36.44%，与煤挥发分较为接近，抽提残煤热解时C2H2、C2H4、C3H6、C4H10、H2、CH4等气体的含量则远小于原煤热解时同类气体的含量，说明华亭煤溶剂抽提提取物与其低温热解焦油均来自于煤的挥发分；粒度在120~160目的华亭煤，在终温610℃，恒温30min的情况下热解焦油产率最高，达到8.30%，在相同条件下，Fe2O3催化热解焦油产率为11.92%，MoS2催化热解焦油产率为13.01%；抽提残煤与原煤相比，孔隙结构中中孔明显减少，芳香度减小，N含量增加；煤的孔径越大越有利于热解产生的焦油的析出；抽提残煤热解半焦的芳香度增大；残煤和原煤热解半焦中均不含亚甲基-CH2；Fe2O3催化剂能够促进苯类、苯酚类和萘类等芳香烃类物质的生成，其中苯类产率提高了7.97%，达到10.04%，苯酚类产率提高了8.17%，达到24.15%，萘类产率提高了1.35%，达到15.23%。

Coal as an important non-renewable resources, its reasonable and effective application is particularly important. Industrial chemicals extracted from coal is one of the effective method of comprehensive utilization of coal. But, the efficient utilization of coal and the development of clean technologies rely on the studies of coal microscopic composition and structure. The solvent extracting coal is one of the important methods of investigating chemical structure of coal. In this paper, the molecular structure of Huating coal and the sources of coal tar are further explored by means of comparative study on microwave assisted extraction of coal and low temperature pyrolysis. Furthermore, effects of particle size, pyrolysis temperature, reaction time and catalyst on tar during coal pyrolysis are investigated to improve the yield of tar. Granularity, TG and FT-IR analysis are used for raw coal, residual coal and char of raw coal and residual coal to compare the properties between raw coal and residual coal before and after the pyrolysis； Composition and distribution of tar are analyzed by GC-MS analysis. Finally, suggestions of comprehensive utilization of coal are raised. In this paper, composition and property of microwave assisted solvent extraction and low-temperature are compared. Results indicated that volatile content of Huating coal is 42.97%; tar yield is 4.75%; total extraction rate of six-step extraction is 30.76%; For residual coal of extraction, tar yield is 0.50%, gas yield is 5.18%, sum of total extraction rate of six-step extraction, tar yield and gas yield is 36.44%, which is close to the volatile content of raw coal. Content of gases such as C2H2, C2H4, C3H6, C4H10, H2, CH4 in gas production of pyrolysis of residues coal for the extraction is less than that of the raw coal, which illustrated that both extraction of solvent extraction and tar of low-temperature pyrolysis are from the volatile matter of Huating coal; For Huating coal that particle size ranges from120 to 160 mesh, tar yield of pyrolysis is the highest under the condition of final temperature of 610 ℃ and reaction time of 30min，and tar yield is 8.30%. Under the same reaction condition, tar yield of Fe2O3 catalytic pyrolysis is 11.92%, and tar yield is 13.01% for MoS2. Compared with raw coal, amount of mesoporous is significantly reduced and aromaticity is decreased for residual coal of extraction, but N content is increased. The bigger of the pore in coal, the more benefit to separate out the tar produced during pyrolysis. For residual coal after extraction, the aromatic degree for char char is increased. Methylene is not found in the tar of raw coal and residual coal. Fe2O3 can promote the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, phenol and naphthalene, in which yield of benzene, phenol and naphthalene is respectively increased by 7.97%, 8.17% and 1.35%, reaching to 10.04%, 24.15% and 15.23% respectively.