我国是煤炭生产和消费大国，随着能源结构转向清洁低碳的高质量阶段，国家对煤炭能源创新及安全高效发展提出了更高要求。但是，由于我国煤层地质条件复杂，导致矿井灾害事故多发，严重制约矿井安全生产。本文以山西某高瓦斯矿井煤层赋存特征为基础，制作构造煤组合体试件，开展构造煤组合体加载破裂过程力学、声发射及渗透率变化规律研究实验，得到以下结论：

（1）以山西某高瓦斯矿井煤层赋存特征为基础，利用类煤岩材料试件制作实验系统进行原生质煤、构造煤配比先导实验，得到不同配比原生质煤与构造煤的力学特性参数；最终按照原型基础参数挑选合适的力学参数配比，制作不同构造煤厚组合体试件。

（2）开展不同构造煤厚组合体单轴压缩力学及声发射特征实验，得到构造煤组合体试件抗压强度和弹性模量随构造煤厚占比增加呈逐渐减小的变化趋势，其中抗压强度平均降幅为0.375MPa；构造煤组合体峰值应力应变随构造煤厚占比增加不断增大，变化范围在3.25%~4.14%；结合分形理论，对构造煤组合体不同加载阶段裂隙网络进行分维处理，得到试件分形维数值普遍分布在0.88~1.31之间；基于声发射行为特征，得到构造煤组合体加载破裂前声发射较为稳定，能量变化较小，全原生质煤试件加载破裂前声发射增加明显，能量变化剧烈。

（3）利用煤岩芯渗透率自动测试仪进行渗透率测试实验，得到构造煤组合体渗透率与轴压、围压、气体压力之间呈负相关；进一步分析相同加载过程构造煤组合体渗透率受轴压的影响程度大于围压；并结合构造煤组合体加载过程中应力与裂隙之间的演化关系，探讨了构造煤组合体力学加载环境与渗透率的相互作用特征。

基于上述结论，本文得到了不同构造煤厚占比组合煤体加载破裂过程中的裂隙、声发射演化特征以及不同因素影响下的渗透特性，对采动卸压瓦斯抽采及矿井瓦斯灾害防治提供了一定的理论基础。

China is a big country of coal production and consumption. With the energy consumption structure turning to the new normal high quality stage, the state puts forward higher requirements for the innovative development of coal energy, safe and efficient development. However, due to the complex geological conditions of coal seams in China, mine disasters and accidents occur frequently, which seriously restrict the safety of mine production. In this paper, based on the occurrence characteristics of coal seam in a high gas mine in Shanxi Province, the specimens of tectonic coal combination were made, and the mechanical, acoustic emission and permeability variation laws of tectonic coal combination during loading and fracture were studied. The following conclusions were obtained :

Based on the occurrence characteristics of coal seam in a high gas mine in Shanxi Province, the pilot experiment of the ratio of raw coal and tectonic coal was carried out by using the coal-like material specimen preparation experiment system, and the mechanical properties of raw coal and tectonic coal with different ratios were obtained. Finally, the appropriate mechanical parameters are selected according to the prototype basic parameters, and the composite specimens of different structural coal thickness are made.

The uniaxial compression mechanics and acoustic emission characteristics experiments of different structural coal thickness combinations were carried out, and the compressive strength and elastic modulus of structural coal combination specimens decreased gradually with the increase of structural coal thickness ratio, and the average decrease of compressive strength was 0.375 MPa ; the peak stress and strain of tectonic coal combination increased with the increase of tectonic coal thickness ratio, and the variation range was 3.25 % – 4.14 % ; combined with fractal theory, the fractal dimension of fracture network in different loading stages of tectonic coal combination is processed, and the fractal dimension values of specimens are generally distributed between 0.88 and 1.31. Based on the characteristics of acoustic emission behavior, it is obtained that the acoustic emission of tectonic coal combination is relatively stable and the energy change is small before the loading and fracture. The acoustic emission of all raw coal specimens increases significantly before the loading and fracture, and the energy change is intense.

The permeability test experiment was carried out by using the automatic permeability tester of coal rock core, and it was obtained that the permeability of tectonic coal combination was negatively correlated with axial pressure, confining pressure and gas pressure. Further analysis shows that the influence of axial pressure on the permeability of tectonic coal combination is greater than that of confining pressure during the same loading process. Combined with the evolution relationship between stress and fracture in the loading process of tectonic coal combination, the interaction characteristics between mechanical loading environment and permeability of tectonic coal combination are discussed.

Based on the above conclusions, this paper obtains the fracture, acoustic emission evolution characteristics and permeability characteristics under the influence of different factors in the process of loading and fracture of coal with different structural coal thickness ratio, which provides a theoretical basis for mining pressure relief gas drainage and mine gas disaster prevention.

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