煤火灾害是威胁我国煤炭资源保护与利用的主要灾害之一。在煤火灾害发生区域，煤层被大面积损毁，不仅造成巨大的经济损失，而且释放大量的CO、CO2、CH4、NOx等有毒有害气体，甚至烧空区会导致地面陷落，引发严重的生态问题。煤火灾害发生区域由于供氧条件受限，煤层处于贫氧氧化的状态，因此本文针对煤的贫氧氧化特性，采用实验测试和理论分析相结合的方法，对不同贫氧程度时煤的氧化热反应、热效应、热传导和动力学特性开展了相关研究工作，研究成果对进一步掌握煤火贫氧演化过程有重要的指导意义。 采用热重-红外光谱联用技术，测试、分析了煤贫氧氧化过程中的特征温度、特征阶段、综合热解/燃烧特性及气体产物变化规律。根据相同转化率条件下对应温度的演变规律，分析了氧浓度对不同阶段煤氧化热反应过程的影响；基于KAS等转化率法和Málek法，得到了煤贫氧氧化过程中的动力学参数和反应动力学机理。研究发现，贫氧环境中煤氧化热反应过程整体呈现出滞后，氧浓度降低对热解/燃烧失重阶段的影响显著；最大反应速率和平均反应速率均随氧浓度的降低而降低。吸氧增重阶段的表观活化能受氧浓度的影响较小，反应动力学机理随氧浓度的降低呈现出由三维扩散模式向一维扩散模式转变的趋势；热解/燃烧失重阶段的表观活化能受氧浓度的影响较为明显，反应动力学机理随氧浓度的降低呈现出由随机成核和随后生长模式向收缩球状模式转变的趋势。 基于差示扫描量热技术，测试、分析了煤贫氧氧化过程中的放热特性，得出了初始放热温度、放热量的变化规律；采用灰色理论，分析了官能团变化与放热速率的相关性。研究表明，煤的氧化放热是多种官能团共同作用的结果；初始放热温度随着氧浓度的降低而升高，而放热量表现出降低趋势；氧浓度对快速氧化和主要热分解阶段放热量的影响显著。此外，相同温度下放热量随氧浓度降低而降低的趋势呈现出突变特征，产生突变的临界氧浓度与反应动力学机理转变的临界氧浓度相同。 通过激光闪射技术，测试、分析了煤贫氧氧化过程中的热扩散系数、比热容和导热系数变化规律。研究发现，煤贫氧氧化过程中的热传导特性随温度的升高呈现出明显的阶段性特征，其临界温度随着氧浓度的降低而增大；氧浓度对临界温度以后热传导特性及其温度敏感性的影响较为明显。

In China, coal fire is one of the major disasters which threaten the pretection and utilization of coal resource. When coal fire happens, numerous coal resources would be destroyed, resulting in enormous economic loss. Meanwhile, toxic and harmful gases, such as CO, CO2, CH4, and NOx, produced by the coal oxidation and combustion would destroy the ecosystem, as well as the surface subsidence caused by underground burning zone. During the evolution of coal fire, oxygen-depleted atmosphere were formed because the supply of oxygen was limited. Focused on the characteristics of coal oxidation in oxygen-depleted atmosphere, this paper investigated the thermal reaction, thermal effects, thermal conduction, and reaction kinetics by combining theoretical analysis and experimental study method. These results were great helpful for bettering understanding the evolution process of coal fire in oxygen-depleted atmosphere. Adopting thermogravimetry-infrared spectrum coupling technology, variations of the characteristic temperatures, characteristic stages, comprehensive decomposition/combustion characteristics, and gaseous products were measured and analyzed. According to the variation of temperature at the same conversion rate, the influence of oxygen concentration on the process of thermal reaction was investigated. Moreover, based on the KAS method and the Málek method, the kinetic parameters and mechanisms were obtained. It was found that the thermal reaction of coal oxidation in oxygen-depleted atmosphere lagged behind that in air atmosphere, and the decrease of oxygen concentration had an obvious influence on the thermal decomposition/combustion stage. In addition, the maximum and the average reaction rate decreased with the decrease of oxygen concentration. The oxygen concentration had slight influence on the apparent activation energy at oxygen-adsorption mass-gain stage, while with the decrease of oxygen concentration, the kinetic mechanism showed the tendency from three-dimensional diffusion mode to one-dimensional diffusion mode. The oxygen concentration had an obvious influence on the apparent activation energy at thermal decomposition/combustion stage, while with the decrease of oxygen concentration, the kinetic mechanism transformed from random nucleation and subsequent growth mode to shrinking sphere mode. Differential scanning calorimetry technology was conducted to study the exothermic characteristics during coal oxidation under oxygen-depleted atmosphere, and the initial temperature of heat release and the amount of heat release were obtained. Besides, by grey relational analysis, the correlation between the variation of functional groups and exothermic rate were investigated. It was found that the heat release of coal oxidation was the result of combined action by various functional groups. The initial temperature of heat release increased with the decrease of oxygen concentration while the amount of heat release decreased. In addition, the oxygen concentration showed greater influence in rapid oxidation stage and main thermal decomposition stage. Moreover, at the same temperature, the decrease in the amount of heat release showed mutational effect with the decrease of oxygen concentration, and the corresponding critical oxygen concentrations were the same as these when the kinetic mechanism transformed. By laser flashing technology, the thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity during coal oxidation under oxygen-depleted atmosphere were measured and analyzed. It was found that the thermal conduction during coal oxidation under oxygen-depleted atmosphere presented obvious stage characteristics, and the critical temperature increased with the decrease of oxygen concentration. Meanwhile, the thermal conduction and its thermosensitivity were obvious influenced by oxygen concentration when the temperature was more than critical temperature.