近年来国际社会一直致力于利用空间遥感技术研究全球地表覆盖及其变化，迄今仅有美国和欧盟完成了空间分辨率为1公里和300米的全球地表覆盖数据产品，但其总体精度较低，分类体系和时空分辨率均难以有效满足全球变化与地球系统研究的需求。我国尚未尝试应用气象或陆地卫星开展全球地表覆盖制图工作，迫切需要发展自主的高精度全球地表覆盖动态高效遥感监测技术和数据产品，为我国的全球变化研究和地球系统模式的发展提供支撑。 针对我国全球变化研究和地球系统模式的迫切需要，本文致力于设计和研制新一代全球地表覆盖数据系列产品，为全球变化和地球系统模式研究等提供可靠的基础数据支撑。 本论文选定陕西省作为实验区，该区域具有复杂多样的地形地貌和气候特点，地表覆盖类型比较齐全，便于实施实地的采样和精度验证。主要选用2000年和2010年两期Landsat数据，通过数据收集-几何、辐射、地形纠正-分类-产品质量检验的全过程试验，确立全球地表覆盖分类的技术流程和方法，重点对分区、特征提取、多分类器集成及基于专家知识的人工编辑四级分类策略进行了试验。以确立全球地表覆盖分类的技术流程和方法。 通过对现有的6套全球地表覆盖数据产品的学习和研究，最终确定了一套符合本论文的分类体系。利用四级分类策略，对地表覆盖类型逐步分解、逐层简化，提高分类的针对性，降低分类难度，提高单要素提取的精度和效率，形成了“单类要素分层提取掩膜分类方法”的技术流程。

In recent years, the international community has been devoted to researching on global surface cover and its changes through the space remote sensing technology . Only the United States completed the spatial resolution of 1 km surface coverage data products around the world, the eu completed the spatial resolution of 300 meters so far,but its overall accuracy is low, classification system and the temporal and spatial resolution are difficult to effectively meet the needs of global change and earth system research .It has not yet been tried application satellites to carry out the global surface meteorological or land cover mapping work in our courtry and need to develop autonomous high-precision global surface coverage effective remote sensing dynamic monitoring technique and data products urgently for our country's global change research and the development of earth system mode.It aims to design and develop a new generation of global surface coverage data series products for global change and earth system model study provides reliable basic data support to meet the global change research in our country and the urgent needs of the earth system model in this paper. Shaanxi province was studies as the experimental area in this paper,It is easy to implement sampling and precision of the field test and verify because of Complex and varied topography and climate characteristics and complete type of surface coverage in Shaanxi province.It establish global surface cover classification technology processes and methods for the two phase of the Landsat data in 2000 and 2010 through data collection first, and then geometric correction, radiation correction, terrain correction , and then classification, finally the whole process of product quality inspection test.It focus on he level 4 test classification strategy including division , image characteristics extraction, Multiple classifiers ensemble and manual editing based on expert knowledge.In order to establish the global surface coverage classification technology processes and methods. It is identified a set of in line with the classification system ultimately of this paper by studying and researching the existing six sets of global surface covering the data products. It makes surface coverage type decomposite and simplify step by step by level 4 classification strategy .At the same time,It can improve the classification of the target, reduce degree of difficulty classification and improve the precision of the single factor extraction and efficiency .Finally it formed the process named single class elements hierarchical extract mask classification.