随着道路轴载的不断加大，现阶段路面病害问题频发导致养护费用逐年攀升。与此同时，全球废旧塑料年生产量巨大，但一直没能得到很好的循环利用。为响应国家节能减排的号召，且进一步降低路面养护费用，本文将废旧塑料用作一种沥青改性剂，以期达到废旧塑料资源化、循环化利用的目的，在对塑料沥青最佳制备工艺研究的基础下，进一步对塑料沥青胶浆的性能以及改性机理进行研究。主要研究内容如下：

首先，通过对不同塑料特性的分析，选用当前常用的三种废旧塑料，根据塑料沥青的制备工艺流程，重点分析废旧塑料掺配比例、混合时间、混合温度等指标，采用正交试验，从针入度、软化点、延度和粘度等角度去分析基本性能的变化，试验结果表明，PE改性沥青最佳工艺参数为：最佳掺量为5%、剪切时间30min、剪切温度170℃、剪切速率3000r/min；PP改性沥青沥青最佳工艺参数为：最佳掺量9%、剪切时间30min、剪切温度170℃、剪切速率3000r/min；EVA改性沥青最佳工艺参数为：最佳掺量为5%，剪切时间60min，剪切温度180℃、剪切速率3000r/min。其次，为了综合分析上述三种塑性沥青的物理力学性能，选择了5种聚合物改性剂进行对比，并对其常规物理性能进行了比较。试验结果表明由于塑料有助于提升沥青的高温性能，但对于低温性能有一定的损害。此外，针入度试验结果表明塑料沥青的温敏性得到降低，这有助于提高沥青路面的抗车辙性能，旋转粘度试验结果表明，由于塑料的加入导致其粘度增加，但最高值未超过道路沥青规范值，表明塑料沥青可满足高温下施工的和易性需求。

最后, FTIR试验结果表明，废塑料改性沥青的主要特征是环烷烃和烷烃的C-H伸缩振动吸收峰在2850cm-1～2990cm-1，CH3和CH2可变角振动吸收峰在1450cm-1和1370cm-1，吸收峰在700～900cm-1，与基质沥青红外吸收峰位置非常接近，在此范围内没有新的吸收峰，表明塑料沥青的反应过程主要产生的是物理变化。TG-DSC测试结果表明，废塑料改性沥青具有良好的热稳定性，由于吸收了沥青中的轻组分，其质量损失降低了33.33%左右，表明废塑料改性沥青的质量损失降低，吸收峰增大，温度敏感性提高。因此，根据研究结果，明确了废塑料改性沥青的适宜方向。

With the increasing of road axle load, the road surface diseases are occurring more frequently at this stage, which leads to the maintenance cost rising year by year. At the same time, the annual production of waste plastics in the world is huge, but it has not been well recycled. In order to respond to the call of national energy conservation and emission reduction, and further reduce the cost of pavement maintenance, this paper uses waste plastic as an asphalt modifier, in order to achieve the purpose of sustainable recycling waste plastic. Based on the optimum preparation process of waste plastic asphalt research, the performance and modification mechanism of waste plastic asphalt were further studied. The main research contents are as follows:

First of all, through the analysis of the characteristics of different plastics, three commonly used waste plastics were selected. According to the preparation process of plastic asphalt, the mixing proportion, mixing time, mixing temperature and other indicators of waste plastics were analyzed. The orthogonal test was then used to analyze the changes of basic properties from the perspective of penetration, softening point, ductility and viscosity. Consequently, the optimum process parameters of waste plastic modified asphalt were as follows: PE optimum content is 5%, shear time is 30min, shear temperature is 170℃, shear rate is 3000r/min; PP optimum content is 9%, shear time is 30min, shear temperature is 170℃, shear rate is 3000r/min; EVA optimum content is 5%, shear time is 60min, shear temperature is 180℃, shear rate is 3000r/min.

Secondly, in order to comprehensively analyze the physical and mechanical properties of the above three kinds of plastic asphalt, 5 kinds of polymer modifiers were selected for comparison, and their conventional physical properties of were compared. The test results show that the plastic can help to improve the high temperature performance of asphalt, with negligible effects on the low temperature performance. In addition, the penetration test results show that the temperature sensitivity of waste plastic asphalt is reduced, which helps to improve the anti-rutting performance of asphalt pavement. The rotational viscosity test results show that the viscosity increases due to the addition of plastic, but the maximum value does not exceed the specification value of road asphalt, which indicates that waste plastic asphalt can meet the workability requirements of construction at high temperature.

Furthermore, by means of TGA, DSC and FTIR, the changes of functional groups and internal stability of plastic asphalt were analyzed, and the relationship between plastic and asphalt was clarified. FTIR test results show that the main characteristics of waste plastic modified asphalt are that the C-H stretching vibration absorption peaks of cycloalkanes and alkanes are in the range of 2850cm^-1 ~ 2990cm^-1, the variable angle vibration absorption peaks of CH₃ and CH₂ are in the range of 1450cm^-1 and 1370cm^-1, and the absorption peaks are in the range of 700 ~ 900cm^-1, The results show that the main reaction process of plastic asphalt is physical change. TG-DSC test results show that the waste plastic modified asphalt shows good thermal stability, and its mass loss is reduced by about 33.33% due to its absorption and reduction of light components in asphalt, which indicates that the mass loss of waste plastic modified asphalt is less. Also, the area of endothermic peak and exothermic peak of DSC curve of waste plastic modified asphalt increased, indicating that its temperature sensitivity decreased.

Finally, based on the results derived here in this paper, the optimal performance indicators of waste plastic modified asphalts, as well as the most appropriate of them for use in high temperature regions were recommended, and thus, their appropriate direction was clarified.

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