采空区漏风供氧是造成采空区遗煤自燃的主要原因。陕西省神木柠条塔矿为浅埋煤层开采，受采动影响，极易造成地表塌陷，形成采空区地表漏风。因此，研究柠条矿浅埋煤层采空区漏风规律，对于其后期生产与灾害防治有着指导意义。 本文以柠条塔煤矿2-2煤层N1201综采工作面作为主要研究对象，采用理论研究、现场实地观察与数据观测，结合数值模拟方法对综采工作面采空区地表漏风规律开展研究。首先，通过对柠条塔地质、地貌资料分析，对采空区地表裂隙分析，按照对地表裂隙影响，将地表至采空区的顶板冒落区域划分为自由冒落区域，顶板断裂区域以及地表沙土自由松散区域，得出柠条塔矿采空区地表裂隙沉降特性；然后，对现场开展实地观测。通过地表布点并释放示踪气体SF6，在井下检测，进而得出N1201工作面采空区地表漏风通道，分析漏风强度；通过分析采空区氧气浓度变化，得出变化规律，为进一步漏风分析提供数据支持。其次，结合前面对柠条塔N1201工作面采空区地表裂隙规律的研究结果，以及对采空区漏风通道测定及观测结果，对采空区地表漏风参数进行适当简化，建立地表多孔渗流数学和物理模型。最后，根据柠条塔矿漏风数值模型，采用CFD软件FLUENT对采空区压力分布及氧气浓度分布规律进行数值模拟，进一步对采空区漏风规律进行分析。通过对柠条塔浅埋煤层漏风规律模拟与分析，得出了在柠条塔矿区2-2煤层综采采空区的自燃危险区域，为其正常开采对采空区煤炭自燃提供防治依据，对于类似条件的矿井安全生产有一定的借鉴意义。

The oxygen supplied by Air Leakage is the main reason to cause spontaneous combustion of coal in Gobs. The shallow seam of the Ningtiaota coal mine, due to mining influence, can easily result in surface subsidence, and the surface leakage gob. Therefore, the study on shallow seam mining Air Leakage law of Ningtiaota coal mine, can provide its post-production and disaster management with guidance. In this paper, take mechanized mining face coal N1201 of the Ningtiaota mine’s coal mine 2-2 seam in Shenmu of Shaanxi Province as an instant, the theoretical researching, field observation , and numerical simulation were combined as the methods for researching the surface leakage rule. First, analysis the geological and geomorphological data information of Ningtiaota mine, surface fracture upon the gob, in accordance with the influence of surface cracks, the surface area to the roof of mined areas free falling off the area, roof area and the ground breaking loose sand free region, obtained gob settlement characteristics of surface cracks; Secondly, to carry out on-site field observations. Through distribution and release the surface trace gases SF6, and the underground testing, then conclude the surface leakage channel of N1201, the intensity of air leakage; By analyzing the oxygen law in gob, and provides support for further analysis. Finally, with the previous research findings of fracture surface goaf law studied, the determination of air leakage channel and observations, simplify appropriate parameters of surface leakage, to establish the porous flow model. Based on this model, through the CFD software FLUENT，simulate the pressure distribution in gob and the oxygen distribution law to analysis the air leakage further, and conclude the potential spontaneous combustion danger zone in gob. By simulation and analysis the surface leakage law of Ningtiaota mine, the 2-2 mine seam spontaneous combustion danger zone was determined, to provide prevention and treatment basis of coal spontaneous combustion for the normal production, and it was the essential data and a certain reference for identifying similar Gob mine risk prevention and management in mine safety for the production under similar conditions.