随着榆神府矿区的开发，我国学者对浅埋长壁工作面矿压显现规律和覆岩移动变形规律进行了深入的研究。然而，对基岩厚度较大、松散载荷层较小的近浅埋长壁工作面的矿压显现规律和覆岩移动变形规律研究甚少，对近浅埋长壁工作面来压机理尚未形成统一的认识。因此，研究和掌握近浅埋长壁工作面的矿压显现规律和覆岩移动变形规律对榆神府矿区近浅埋工作面的安全开采具有重要指导意义。 本文以杭来湾煤矿30101近浅埋长壁工作面为例，采用现场观测、相似材料模拟和理论分析相结合的方法对近浅埋长壁工作面矿压显现规律和覆岩移动变形规律进行了研究。通过对30101工作面地质特征和现场矿压观测数据进行了分析，得出了该工作面矿压显现规律；利用相似材料模型实验对支架工作阻力、覆岩移动变形规律、支承压力分布特征进行了模拟研究，在相似模型实验中构建了用于检测上覆岩层移动变形的光纤光栅传感系统，并应用该系统对上覆岩层移动变形进行了检测分析；基于岩层控制关键层理论对该工作面矿压显现规律及工作面来压机理进行了分析，得出了该工作面来压机理。 研究表明，杭来湾煤矿30101工作面矿压显现规律明显，来压强度较大，来压期间支架工作阻力较大；基本顶初次来压步距为50m，周期来压步距14~20m，周期来压步距和强度呈现大小周期相间的特征，且工作面中部来压频率明显大于端头。通过岩层控制关键层理论对杭来湾煤矿30101综采工作面来压机理进行了分析，分析结果与现场观测和模型实验结果相吻合。在相似模型实验中光纤Bragg光栅传感器对上覆岩层的移动变形具有较好的检测效果，其检测结果与岩层移动规律一致。

With the development of the Yushenfu mining area, the deep research on the law of underground pressure and the law of failure of overlying rock for longwall faces in typical shallow coal seams have been made. However, there is little research on near shallow coal seams, with thick bedrock and thin relax layer. There is no unified understanding to the underground pressure and root weighting mechanism for near shallow coal seams. it is important for us to study and grip the law of underground pressure and the law of failure of overlying rock, which will have an important guiding significance for the safe explotion for longwall face of near shallow seams in Yushenfu mining area. Taking 30101 near shallow seam longwall face of Hanglaiwan coal mine for example, This paper make research on the law of underground pressure and the law of failure of the overlying rock for longwall faces of near shallow seams, through fied measurement, similar material simulation and theoretical analyzing. Through the analysis of geological characteristics and fied measured data of 30101 coal faces, the law of underground pressure is received. The work resistance of supports, the law of failure of overlying rock and the abutment pressure distribution laws are simulated by simulate material model test. The Fiber Bragg Grating sensing system for monitoring the displacement of the overlying rock is established. The process of failure of overlying rock is determinate and analyzing through Fiber Bragg Grating sensing system. Based on dominant stratum theory for control of strata movement, the pressure behaviors and ground pressure mechanism of the 30101 face are theoretically analyzed, and the pressure mechanism is obtained. The study indicates that the underground pressure behavior of the 30101 face in Hanglaiwan coal mine is remarkable, and the weighting strength is relatively large.The support resistance is relatively large when weighting, and the pressure of the face has the character of higher in the middle and lower in two sides.The first weithing subtangent of the basic roof is 50m, and the average subtangent of periodic weighting is14~20m. The subtangent and strength of periodic weighting is with the character of large and small circle change, and the weithing frequency is obviously higher in the middle than in two sides. Based on dominant stratum theory for control of strata movement, the ground pressure mechanism of the 30101 fully mechanized face in Hanglaiwan Coal Mine is analyzed. The analysis results fits well with the results of field observation and model experiment. The process of the failure of overlying rock is simulated. FBG sensors have preferable testing results for development of the overlying rock, and the testing results agree with the law of the development of the strata.