21世纪以来，深部地下空间的开发利用成为了岩土工程领域极为重要的研究方向，大量深达千米的地下工程陆续开建。在深埋硐室开挖初期，施工扰动和地下水渗流都将引起围岩中原生裂隙的进一步扩展，围岩强度产生损伤劣化，需及时对围岩进行锚固强化，此后锚杆在渗流作用下也会发生预应力损失现象。分区破裂作为深部工程的典型灾害现象，其灾变过程涉及开挖卸荷、渗流劣化、锚固强化及预应力损失等一系列复杂力学问题。本文以深埋硐室锚固围岩为研究对象，考虑施工扰动、孔隙水压及锚杆预应力的影响，建立了杆岩协调变形的力学分析模型，基于锚杆中性点理论，对不同施工扰动、孔隙水压及锚杆预应力作用下的深埋硐室锚固围岩分区厚度、破裂区厚度、破裂区级数及其破裂时刻进行了反演分析，主要结论如下：

（1）建立了考虑浸水劣化、锚固强化及施工扰动损伤的深埋硐室锚固围岩应力解析解。选取圆形硐室轴向单位长度锚固围岩进行分析，构建了孔隙水压作用下的锚固围岩力学分析模型，建立了考虑地质强度指标、施工扰动及锚杆预应力作用的锚固围岩粘聚力和内摩擦角等效计算公式，最终得到了考虑浸水劣化、锚固强化及扰动损伤的围岩应力解析解及围岩塑性区半径。结果表明：围岩塑性区分布与孔隙水压、锚杆预应力及施工扰动程度密切相关，塑性区半径随着孔隙水压及施工扰动程度的增大而增大，随着锚杆预应力的增大而减小。

（2）研究了施工扰动、孔隙水压及锚杆预应力作用下深埋硐室锚固围岩分区破裂的关键参数。通过构建深埋硐室杆岩协调变形力学模型，基于锚固围岩锚杆中性点理论推导了锚杆预紧力与锚杆中性点的关系，并采用最大正应变理论提出了深埋硐室锚固围岩分区破裂的力学破坏判据。结合深埋硐室锚固围岩应力解析解可得深埋硐室锚固围岩分区厚度、破裂区厚度、破裂区级数及其破裂时刻的计算方法。结果表明：围岩破坏与否受到孔隙水压、锚杆预应力及施工扰动等因素影响，其中孔隙水压及施工扰动将加剧围岩各级分区的破坏，而施加锚杆预应力则可减弱围岩各级分区的破坏。

（3）探讨了施工扰动、孔隙水压及锚杆预应力对深埋硐室锚固围岩分区破裂的主要影响规律。结果表明：施工扰动程度的增大将大幅加剧围岩的分区破裂进程，而孔隙水压的影响则较小；当锚杆预紧力由250 kN损失至50 kN时围岩破裂区级数由0级增加至5级，加剧了硐室锚固围岩的分区破裂化进程。

（4）对深埋硐室锚固围岩的分区破裂演化规律进行了数值分析。采用FLAC^3D软件分析了施工扰动、孔隙水压、锚杆预应力及硐室开挖半径等因素对硐室锚固围岩分区破裂的影响规律。结果表明：施工扰动的增大将加剧硐室锚固围岩分区破裂化进程；孔隙水压对硐室锚固围岩分区破裂化影响较小；锚杆预应力损失将大幅加剧硐室锚固围岩分区破裂化发展；硐室开挖半径的增加将增大硐室锚固围岩分区破裂扩展范围，各级破裂区厚度也随之增大；硐室锚固围岩分区破裂时全长锚固锚杆出现拉压交替的受力规律，且距离硐壁越近，锚杆拉压交替现象越为明显，应力应变也越大。

（5）运用所得理论对考虑孔隙水压及施工扰动的某深埋硐室锚固围岩分区破裂分布进行计算，并与不考虑孔隙水压及施工扰动的工况进行对比分析。结果表明：考虑孔隙水压及施工扰动后硐室锚固围岩分区破裂级数由2级增加至4级，最大破裂区厚度由0.35 m增加至0.68 m，即孔隙水压与施工扰动的存在大幅加剧了硐室锚固围岩的分区破裂化进程。

Since the 21st century, the development and utilization of deep underground spaces have become extremely important research directions in the field of geotechnical engineering, with numerous underground projects reaching depths of kilometers being successively constructed. During the initial excavation of deeply buried caverns, excavation disturbances and groundwater seepage will further expand the original fractures in the surrounding rock mass, causing damage and deterioration in its strength. Timely reinforcement is required for the surrounding rock mass, and subsequently, the prestressing force of the rock bolts may also experience loss under the influence of seepage. Zonal disintegration, as a typical disaster phenomenon in deep engineering, involves a series of complex mechanical problems including excavation unloading, seepage deterioration, reinforcement strengthening, and prestress loss. This study focuses on the anchoring of surrounding rock in deeply buried caverns, considering the influences of excavation disturbances, pore water pressure, and prestressing force of rock bolts. A mechanical analysis model of rod-rock coordination deformation is established based on the neutral point theory of rock bolts. Inverse analysis is conducted on the thickness of zonal disintegration, thickness of fractured zones, number of fractured zones, and their fracture times under different excavation disturbances, pore water pressure, and prestressing force of rock bolts. The main conclusions are as follows:

(1) An analytical solution for the stress of the surrounding rock mass in deeply buried caverns is established, considering water immersion deterioration, anchoring reinforcement, and excavation disturbance damage. The mechanical analysis model of the surrounding rock under the action of pore water pressure is constructed, and equivalent calculation formulas for cohesion and internal friction angle of the anchoring rock mass considering geological strength index, excavation disturbance, and prestressing force of rock bolts are established. The analytical solution for the stress of the surrounding rock mass considering water immersion deterioration, anchoring reinforcement, and disturbance damage, as well as the radius of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock mass, are obtained. The results show that the distribution of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock mass is closely related to the pore water pressure, prestressing force of rock bolts, and excavation disturbance. The radius of the plastic zone increases with the increase of pore water pressure and excavation disturbance, and decreases with the increase of prestressing force of rock bolts.

(2) The key parameters of zonal disintegration of the surrounding rock mass in deeply buried caverns under the influence of excavation disturbance, pore water pressure, and prestressing force of rock bolts are studied. By constructing a mechanical model of rod-rock coordination deformation in deeply buried caverns, the relationship between prestressing force and neutral point of rock bolts is derived based on the neutral point theory of anchoring rock mass, and a mechanical failure criterion for zonal disintegration of the surrounding rock mass in deeply buried caverns is proposed using the maximum principal strain theory. Combined with the analytical solution of the stress of the surrounding rock mass in deeply buried caverns, the calculation method for the thickness of zonal disintegration, thickness of fractured zones, number of fractured zones, and their fracture times are obtained. The results show that whether the surrounding rock mass fails or not is influenced by factors such as pore water pressure, prestressing force of rock bolts, and excavation disturbance. Pore water pressure and excavation disturbance exacerbate the failure of various zones of the surrounding rock mass, while applying prestressing force to the rock bolts can mitigate the failure of various zones of the surrounding rock mass.

(3) The main influencing laws of excavation disturbance, pore water pressure, and prestressing force of rock bolts on zonal disintegration of the surrounding rock mass in deeply buried caverns are discussed. The results show that increasing the degree of excavation disturbance will significantly exacerbate the zonal disintegration process of the surrounding rock mass, while the influence of pore water pressure is relatively small. When the prestressing force of rock bolts decreases from 250 kN to 50 kN, the number of fractured zones of the surrounding rock mass increases from 0 to 5, intensifying the zonal disintegration process of the anchoring surrounding rock mass in the cavern.

(4) Numerical analysis of the evolution laws of zonal disintegration of the surrounding rock mass in deeply buried caverns is conducted. The influence laws of factors such as excavation disturbance, pore water pressure, prestressing force of rock bolts, and excavation radius of the cavern on zonal disintegration of the surrounding rock mass in deeply buried caverns are analyzed using FLAC^3D software. The results show that increasing the degree of excavation disturbance will exacerbate the zonal disintegration process of the surrounding rock mass in the cavern; the influence of pore water pressure on zonal disintegration of the surrounding rock mass in the cavern is relatively small; loss of prestressing force of rock bolts will significantly exacerbate the development of zonal disintegration of the surrounding rock mass in the cavern; increasing the excavation radius of the cavern will expand the range of zonal disintegration of the surrounding rock mass in the cavern, and the thickness of fractured zones at each level will increase accordingly; during zonal disintegration of the surrounding rock mass in the cavern, the anchoring rock bolts exhibit a pattern of alternating tension and compression along their entire length, and the closer they are to the cavern wall, the more pronounced the phenomenon of alternating tension and compression of the rock bolts and the greater the stress and strain.

(5) The theoretical results are used to calculate the distribution of zonal disintegration of the surrounding rock mass in a certain deeply buried cavern considering pore water pressure and excavation disturbance, and compared with the case where pore water pressure and excavation disturbance are not considered. The results show that considering pore water pressure and excavation disturbance, the number of fractured zones of the surrounding rock mass in the cavern increases from 2 to 4, and the maximum thickness of fractured zones increases from 0.35 m to 0.68 m, indicating that the presence of pore water pressure and excavation disturbance significantly exacerbates the zonal disintegration process of the anchoring surrounding rock mass in the cavern.

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