在工作面回采过程中，煤岩体应力重新分布，造成工作面前方及侧向应力集中，引起回采动压区巷道围岩发生变形和破坏，研究回采动压软岩巷道变形破坏机理及控制具有重要的应用价值。本文以安阳煤矿1506工作面回风巷为工程背景，采用室内试验、理论分析、物理模拟、数值计算及现场实测相结合的研究方法，研究了回采动压软岩巷道围岩变形破坏机理及控制技术，主要研究成果如下：

（1）通过1506回风巷煤岩力学测试分析，岩石质量评价以及回采扰动影响范围钻孔探测分析，确定了1506回风巷的围岩性质为软岩，工作面超前60m的范围受到回采扰动的影响。采用塑性力学中的极限分析理论，构建了动压软岩巷道围岩破坏的刚性滑块体系破坏模型，推导得出了巷道围岩速度间断线内滑块的自重功率、围岩压力做功功率以及速度间断线能量耗散率计算公式，并得到了速度间断线高度的上限目标函数。利用Origin进行多变量约束条件下的目标函数求解，得到了目标函数的局域最大值。

（2）采用物理相似模拟的方法分析了不同采动应力下围岩裂隙发育特征和软岩巷道变形破坏机理，验证了理论速度间断线分布形态的准确性。模拟结果表明巷道变形破坏主要是由于围岩内部微观裂隙沿支护盲区及低强度支护区扩展和贯通，导致锚固系统产生滑移破坏。进一步采用数值模拟分析了1506工作面回采过程中巷道围岩变形破坏特征及应力演化规律。在工作面回采期间，正帮垂直应力峰值增加17.59MPa。副帮垂直应力峰值增加11.93MPa，围岩变形量与物理模拟中得到的结果基本相同。

（3）针对回采动压软岩巷道覆岩“大”结构高应力和“小”结构支护强度不足的问题，提出巷道“顶板预裂卸压”和“高强度、高预紧力长锚索强化”的综合围岩控制措施，计算得到顶板预裂及补强支护的相关参数。现场监测结果表明，使用该方案后，煤体峰值应力、顶底板移近量以及两帮移近量都大幅度降低，围岩控制效果良好。

During the mining process of the working face, the stress redistribution of coal and rock mass causes the stress concentration in front of the working face and the lateral stress concentration, which causes the deformation and failure of the surrounding rock of the roadway in the mining dynamic pressure area. It is of great application value to study the deformation and failure mechanism and control of the mining dynamic pressure soft rock roadway. In this paper, the return airway of 1506 working face in Anyang Coal Mine is taken as the engineering background. The deformation and failure mechanism and control technology of surrounding rock in mining dynamic pressure soft rock roadway are studied by means of indoor test, theoretical analysis, physical simulation, numerical calculation and field measurement. The main research results are as follows:

(1) Through the analysis of coal and rock mechanics test, rock quality evaluation and drilling detection analysis of the influence range of mining disturbance in 1506 return airway, it is determined that the surrounding rock of 1506 return airway is soft rock, and the range of 60 m ahead of working face is affected by mining disturbance. Based on the limit analysis theory in plastic mechanics, the failure model of rigid slider system for surrounding rock failure of dynamic soft rock roadway is constructed. The calculation formulas of self-weight power, working power of surrounding rock pressure and energy dissipation rate of velocity discontinuity line in roadway surrounding rock velocity discontinuity line are derived, and the upper limit objective function of velocity discontinuity line height is obtained. Using Origin to solve the objective function under multivariate constraints, the local maximum value of the objective function is obtained.

(2) The physical similarity simulation method is used to analyze the fracture development characteristics of surrounding rock and the deformation and instability mechanism of soft rock roadway under different mining stress, and the accuracy of the theoretical velocity discontinuity distribution is verified. The simulation results show that the deformation and failure of the roadway is mainly due to the expansion and penetration of the micro-cracks in the surrounding rock along the blind area of the support and the low-strength support area, resulting in slip failure of the anchorage system. The deformation and failure characteristics and stress evolution law of roadway surrounding rock during the mining process of 1506 working face are further analyzed by numerical simulation. During the mining period of the working face, the peak vertical stress of the front wall increased by 17.59 MPa. The peak vertical stress of the secondary wall increases by 11.93 MPa, and the deformation of the surrounding rock is basically the same as that obtained in the physical simulation.

(3) Aiming at the problem of high stress of “big” structure and insufficient support strength of “small” structure in overlying strata of mining dynamic pressure soft rock roadway, the comprehensive surrounding rock control measures of “roof pre-splitting pressure relief” and “high strength, high pre-tightening force long anchor cable strengthening” are put forward, and the relevant parameters of roof pre-splitting and reinforcement support are calculated. The field monitoring results show that the peak stress of coal, the convergence of roof and floor and the convergence of two sides are greatly reduced, and the control effect of surrounding rock is good.

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