生态环境影响评价已经成为一项行之有效的生态环境保护措施，但是煤矿区生态环境问题日益突出，影响因素复杂，评价方法尚在探索中，因此分析采煤引起的生态环境问题，建立普遍适用的煤矿区生态环境影响评价方法及其指标体系对煤矿区生态环境保护有重要意义。 本文根据采煤矿区生态环境特征的综合分析，给出了煤炭开发活动造成矿区生态环境破坏的主要影响因素为生态破坏、生态污染、移民搬迁，并结合生态状况、技术水平、社会经济指标，基于质量综合评价方法，建立了适用于煤矿区生态环境影响评价的指标体系，该指标体系包括3个层次7个影响因素28个评价指标。经过对评价指标的定性——定量——无量化转化，给出了各评价因子对评价区内生态环境功能的影响程度；采用层次分析法给出了具体煤矿评价区各评价指标权重系数，建立质量综合评价模型进行了煤矿区生态环境影响的定量化综合分析评价。 运用建立的煤矿区生态环境影响质量综合评价模型及其指标体系，对新河煤矿区进行了生态环境影响评价，得出了各个评价指标与矿区生态环境功能的关联度及对矿区生态环境影响最大的评价指标为地表沉陷、生态环境投资回报，同时得到采煤对该区生态环境影响综合评价值 ＜0.1，即新河矿区在煤炭开采后，生态环境基本未受干扰破坏，与实际情况基本相符。

Eco-nvironmental effective assessment has been one of eco-environmental protection measures. But eco-environmental problems prominent increasingly, and its effective factors are complex in coal mining areas. Effective assessment methods are still under exploration, so analysis of eco-environmental problems in coal mining areas, establishment of universal eco-environmental effective assessment method and index system is of significance on eco-environment protection in coal mining areas. Based on comprehensive analysis of eco-environmental characteristics in coal mining areas in the thesis, the main effective factors for ecological damage which are caused by mining coal are given. They are ecological damage, ecological pollution, relocation, combined with ecological conditions, technical level, socio-economic indicators, through quality comprehensive evaluation means, the index system applied to eco-environmental effective assessment in coal mining areas is established which includes 3 layers 7 factors 28 assessment indexes. Effective degree that every assessment index causes is given after its qualitaty - quantitaty - non-quantitaty conversion. Using the hierarchy analysis method, every assessment index coefficience of specific areas is attained. Through establishing quality comprehensive evaluation model, the comprehensive quantitative analysis and assessment for eco-environmental effect in coal mining areas is taken. Using the established eco-environmental effective assessment model and index system, the eco-environmental effective assessment in New River coal mining areas is done. we draw out the correlations between 28 assessment indexes and eco-environmental function and the two greatest effective indexes on the eco-environment in the mining areas, which are surface subsidence, eco-environment return, and obtain the comprehensive ecological effective assessment value <0.1, which shows that eco-environment is hardly destructed after mining in the New River Mine, which is consistent with practice.