随着高速铁路和高速公路建设标准的提高，研发承载力高、材料用量少的异形桩迫在眉睫。为了提高单桩承载力，基于等面积异形周长增大侧表面积原理提出一种新型异形桩——梅花型桩。以梅花型桩的竖向承载特性为研究目的，采用理论分析、室内模型试验及数值计算等方法，提出两种成桩方法、截面几何特性分析方法、考虑桩土剪切作用的荷载传递计算方法和桩侧摩阻力理论，构建梅花型桩沉桩挤土和竖向承载物理及数值分析模型，实现可视化分析其沉桩挤土过程、桩网复合路基竖向承载物理及数值分析，揭示梅花型桩的竖向承载特性，主要研究内容如下：

（1）提出了两种适用于梅花型桩的施工方法和三种常规桩身质量检测方法，给出了涡压挤土过程中混凝土浆液劈裂挤土的临界条件。

（2）以梅花型桩截面外切圆半径和开弧弧度为截面控制参数，提出了梅花型桩桩截面周长-面积比、等截面周长比、截面惯性矩计算方法，并与等桩长等截面圆形桩进行对比分析，给出其截面几何特性。

（3）采用平衡分析法，研究了梅花型桩单桩截面凸出区和尖角区的桩土剪切作用，提出了考虑桩土剪切作用的梅花型桩单桩桩侧摩阻力、桩身下拽力和桩身轴力计算方法，并开展了桩土剪切作用系数影响因素分析，揭示了梅花型桩荷载传递机理。

（4）基于剪切位移法和远藤法，建立了梅花型桩单桩和群桩负摩阻力模型，开展了考虑截面异形效应的梅花型桩桩侧摩阻力产生附加应力系数分析，阐明了梅花型桩的群桩效应和竖向承载特性。

（5）基于粒子图像测速技术，构建了梅花型桩沉桩挤土试验模型及其数值计算模型，研究了沉桩挤土过程中桩土耦合作用机理及桩周土变形演变规律。结合桩网复合路基室内模型试验和数值计算结果，对比分析了梅花型桩和等截面圆形桩复合路基的沉降特性、桩身轴力、桩侧摩阻力等变化规律以及桩截面控制参数对复合路基沉降的影响，阐明了梅花型桩的竖向承载特性。

With the improvement of construction standards of high-speed railway and expressway, it is urgent to develop special-shaped piles with high bearing capacity and low material consumption. To increase the bearing capacity of a single pile, a new type of special-shaped pile was proposed, that is, the plum blossom pile, based on the principle of maximum perimeter with the same cross-sectional area. This paper took the vertical bearing characteristics of plum blossom pile as the research aim, and theoretical analysis, laboratory model test and numerical calculation were conducted. Two pile forming methods, the geometric characteristics analysis method and the load transfer calculation method considering pile-soil shear effect and pile side friction theory were proposed. Then, the physical and numerical analysis models of pile penetration and vertical bearing characteristics of plum blossom piles are constructed, which realizing the physical and numerical visual analysis of the pile penetration process, and the physical and numerical analysis of the vertical bearing characteristics of pile-net composite subgrade. This study revealed the vertical bearing characteristics of plum blossom pile. The main research contents are as follows:

(1) Two pile forming methods and three quality inspection methods of pile were put forward, and the critical mechanical conditions of fluid concrete squeezing soil during vortex squeezing were proposed.

(2) Taking the outsourcing radius and the open arc angle of plum blossom pile section as section control parameters, this paper puts forward the calculation methods of section perimeter-area ratio, perimeter ratio with the same sectional area and section inertia moment of plum blossom pile, and compared with circular piles with the same length and sectional area, and the section geometric characteristics were given.

(3) The pile-soil shear action in the convex area and sharp corner area of the single plum blossom pile section was analysed using the equilibrium analysis method, and formulae were proposed to calculate the skin friction, dragload and axial force of the single plum blossom pile by taking into consideration the pile-soil shear effect. The study further studies the influence factors of pile-soil shear coefficient, and revealed the load transfer mechanism of plum blossom pile.

(4) The negative skin friction model for single and group piles of plum blossom piles was established based on the shear displacement method and Endo method. The additional stress coefficient caused by the side friction of plum blossom pile was analyzed by considering the geometrical effect, and the pile group effect and vertical bearing characteristics of plum blossom pile were expounded.

(5) Based on particle image velocimetry, the experimental model and numerical calculation model of plum blossom pile penetration were constructed, and the coupling mechanism of pile-soil and the deformation evolution law of soil around pile were studied. Combined with the laboratory model test and numerical calculation results of pile-net composite subgrade, the settlement characteristics, axial force of pile, skin friction of pile and the influence of pile section control parameters on the settlement of composite subgrade were compared and analyzed, and the vertical bearing characteristics of plum blossom pile were expounded.

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