摘 要 西安市作为人口密集和人口流动性较大的城市，应急标识已经成为了一种重要的疏散引导方式，特别是一些购物商场的应急标识显得尤为重要。本研究以西安市购物商场为场景，以应急标识的有效性为目标，针对西安市购物场所应急标识现实应用中存在的问题，提出行之有效的对策与建议，以期推动西安市购物商场的安全与应急标识建设的进程。 首先，分析应急标识及西安市应急标识的应用概况。以西安市的发展概况为出发点，探讨西安市购物场所发展布局和应急标识的应用现状，总结出西安市购物场所应急标识的应用现状、设置及作用，找出西安市应急标识在购物场所无法有效应用的种种缺陷和短板，探讨影响购物场所应急标识的有效应用的因素。 其次，以人口较密集的购物场所为场景，辨识出了影响西安市应急标识有效性的影响因素，并构建出相应的风险指标体系。在对应急标识的作用距离、疏导方向、颜色、位置等研究的基础上，结合西安市购物场所应急标识的特点，采用文献综述、现场调研等方法对西安市应急标识有效性影响因素进行了初步识别。再利用问卷调查对归纳、总结的影响因素作探讨，借助软件SPSS20.0的KMO与巴特莱特球形检验法对问卷数据作分析，最终确定出包括易识别性、可理解度、适用度、易遵守性和可避免性5类基本影响因素，据此构建出了西安市应急标识有效性的指标体系，并利用G1序关系法确定了指标的权重，得出：应急标识的颜色与亮度、设置位置和图形标识是影响较大的3大因素。 再次，基于构建的指标体系，利用Tubii 16XL眼动仪得到人体对3大影响因素（指标）感知程度的数据，提出了以眼动数据为样本的人机信息融合评估技术。该技术以眼动数据为样本，运用模糊评价法评估相关信息，得到西安市购物场所中的应急标识的有效性。结果表明：当场景与场所变化时，仅有8-12%的人群有寻找应急标识的应急意识；从注视点时间、总时间以及注视个数3项指标反映出存在应急标识的显著程度不足；西安市购物场所场景中应急标识的有效性为51.361%，其显著性较差。 最后，依据上述研究结果，提出行之有效的西安市购物场所应急标识应用对策。具体包括：细化标识类别并建立应急标识设计的统一规范；提高应急标识系统的完整程度，增加应急标识的种类；加深人群的应急的印象，提高人群对应急突发事件的反应能力；争取政府政策支持，营造良好投资环境，促进安全与应急文化的发展等。

ABSTRACT Xi'an as a densely populated and large population of the city, emergency identification has become an important way to evacuate guidance, in particular, some shopping malls emergency logo is particularly important. In order to promote the safety of shopping malls in Xi'an, this paper aims to promote the safety of Xi'an shopping malls in order to promote the safety of Xi'an shopping malls in order to promote the safety of Xi'an shopping malls. And the construction of emergency signs. Firstly, the analysis of emergency signs and the application of emergency signs in Xi'an. Based on the development of Xi'an city, this paper discusses the application status and the application of emergency logo in Xi'an. It summarizes the application status, setting and function of the emergency logo of shopping in Xi'an, and finds out that the emergency logo in Xi'an can not be effective in shopping Application of various defects and short board, to explore the impact of shopping places emergency identification of the effective application of factors. Secondly, the factors influencing the effectiveness of emergency signs in Xi'an are identified and the corresponding risk index system is constructed. On the basis of the research on the distance, the direction, the color and the location of the emergency logo, this paper makes a preliminary study on the influencing factors of the emergency logo in Xi'an by combining the literature review and site investigation with the characteristics of the emergency logo of shopping in Xi'an Identify. And then use the questionnaire SPSS20.0 KMO and Bartlett ball test method to analyze the questionnaire data, and ultimately determine the include easy to identify, understandability, applicability, easy to comply with the questionnaire. And the avoidance of the five categories of basic factors, according to the construction of the emergency logo in Xi'an to determine the effectiveness of the index system, and the use of G1 order relationship method to determine the weight of the index, the emergency logo color and brightness, set the location And graphics logo is a big factor affecting the three major factors. Thirdly, based on the constructed index system, the human body information fusion evaluation technique with eye movement data as the sample was put forward by using the Tubii 16XL eye movement instrument to obtain the data of the three influencing factors (indexes). The technique is based on the eye movement data, and the fuzzy evaluation method is used to evaluate the information in the evaluation model, and the validity of the emergency logo in the shopping area of Xi'an is obtained. The results show that when the scene and the place change, only 8-12% of the population has the emergency consciousness to find the emergency logo. The three indicators from the time of the fixation time, the total time and the number of gaze reflect the significant degree of the existence of the emergency identification; The validity of the emergency logo in the shopping area of Xi'an is 51.361%, which is less significant. Finally, according to the above research results, the paper puts forward the effective countermeasures of emergency shopping in Xi'an. Including: refinement of the identification category and the establishment of a unified logo design; to improve the integrity of the emergency identification system to increase the type of emergency signs; to enhance the crowd's urgent impression, to improve the response to emergency response to the crowd; Policy support, create a favorable investment environment, and promote the development of security and emergency culture.