火灾是现代社会最普遍的威胁公众安全和社会发展的灾害之一，油罐火是火灾事故中的重要组成部分。目前细水雾灭火技术被广泛应用于多种场所，活化水雾是指在细水雾中加入各类活化剂，使其兼具物理层面和化学层面的协同灭火作用。但针对受限空间下不同活化水雾扑灭油池火的响应特性研究较少，因此，本文基于优选的6 种化学活化剂(NaF，NaBr，NaCl，KCl，MgCl₂，CaCl₂)和4 种表面活性剂(十二烷基苯磺酸钠SDBS，十二烷基硫酸钠SDS，十六烷基三甲基溴化铵CTAB，十二烷基三甲基溴化铵DTAB)，开展活化水的核磁共振、温变变化和表面张力实验，受限空间内不同尺寸油池火的火焰形态、质量损失速率、火焰中轴线温度变化以及烟气浓度测试，基于以上研究开展活化水雾扑灭油池火实验，探究受限空间作用下不同活化水雾扑灭油池火的响应特性。本文取得的主要成果如下：

（1）化学活化剂中阴阳离子对水分子团簇的作用方式不同，其中阴离子破坏氢键，阳离子结合氢键，0.5 mol/L的化学活化剂溶液中，活化效果由大到小依次是：Na⁺>K⁺>Mg²⁺>Ca²⁺，F^->Cl^->Br^-，化学活化剂溶于水会发生吸热放热反应，CaCl₂和MgCl₂溶于水发生放热反应，而NaF、NaBr、NaCl、KCl溶于水则吸收热量，溶液温度由高至低依次是：CaCl₂>MgCl₂>NaF>NaBr>NaCl>KCl，随着浓度升高，NaBr，NaCl，KCl，MgCl₂，CaCl₂溶液的表面张力也随之升高，而NaF溶液随着浓度升高，表面张力波动下降。表面活性剂溶于水后对水分子团簇结构影响甚微，也基本不发生吸热放热反应，但均会大幅度降低溶液的表面张力，降低表面张力幅度由高到低依次是：CTAB>DTAB>SDBS>SDS。

（2）基于1 m³受限空间开展的4 种尺寸油盘燃烧实验发现，直径为5 cm的池火燃烧模式为层流燃烧，6 cm、7 cm、8 cm为湍流燃烧，在湍流燃烧过程中火焰均存在周期性变化过程，随着油盘尺寸增加，火焰高度增加，火焰振幅加大，燃烧时间缩短，质量损失速率加快，燃料蒸汽产生量增加，热释放率升高，热反馈作用加强，同时间段内O₂消耗量和CO产生量增加。

（3）活化水雾扑灭油池火时，火焰会发生初起、强化、根部脱离、压制、二次强化和熄灭6个阶段。活化水雾能降低火焰强化现象，且灭火时间与CO产生量成正比，灭火时间越长，CO产生量越高，O₂消耗量越大。含NaF、NaBr、NaCl、KCl细水雾能提高灭火效能，含MgCl₂和CaCl₂细水雾则降低了细水雾灭火效能。表面活性剂细水雾均能提高灭火效率，且与降低表面张力能力成正比。复合活化水雾灭火过程中，存在协同灭火作用且最佳浓度配比是KCl 0.5mol/L+CTAB 0.015 mol/L，灭火时间相较纯水缩短了55 %，大幅提高灭火效率。该研究为活化水雾灭火的实际应用奠定理论基础。

Fire is one of the most prevalent calamities that endangers public safety and social progress in modern civilization, and oil tank fires play an essential role in fire accidents. At present, fine water mist fire extinguisher technique is widely employed in a variety of settings. Activated water mist refers to the addition of various activators to fine water mist, making it have both physical and chemical synergistic fire extinguishing effects. However, there is limited research on the response characteristics of different activated water mist for extinguishing oil pool fires in confined spaces. Therefore, this article conducts nuclear magnetic resonance, temperature change, and surface tension experiments on activated water based on six selected chemical activators (NaF, NaBr, NaCl, KCl, MgCl₂, CaCl₂) and four surfactants (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate SDBS, sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide CTAB, and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide DTAB). The flame morphology, mass loss rate, temperature variation, and smoke concentration of oil pool fires of different sizes in confined spaces are tested. Based on the above research, activated water is subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance, temperature change, and surface tension experiments. Experiment on extinguishing oil pool fires with mist, exploring the response characteristics of different activated water mist in extinguishing oil pool fires under the action of confined space. The main achievements of this article are as follows:

The ways in which anions and cations in chemical activators act on water molecular clusters are different. Anions break hydrogen bonds, while cations bind hydrogen bonds. In a 0.5 mol/L solution of chemical activators, the activation effect in descending order is: Na⁺>K⁺>Mg²⁺>Ca²⁺, F^->Cl^->Br^-. Chemical activators dissolve in water and undergo endothermic and exothermic reactions. CaCl₂ and MgCl₂ dissolve in water and undergo exothermic reactions, while NaF, NaBr, NaCl, and KCl dissolve in water and absorb heat. The temperature of the solution in descending order is: CaCl₂>MgCl₂>NaF>NaBr>NaCl>KCl. As As the concentration increases, the surface tension of NaBr, NaCl, KCl, MgCl₂, and CaCl₂ solutions also increases, while the surface tension fluctuation of NaF solution decreases with the increase of concentration. After being dissolved in water, surfactants have little effect on the structure of water molecular clusters and do not undergo endothermic or exothermic reactions. However, they all significantly reduce the surface tension of the solution. The order of magnitude of surface tension reduction from high to low is: CTAB>DTAB>SDBS>SDS.

Based on 1 m³ Four sizes of oil pan combustion experiments conducted in confined spaces found that the pool fire with a diameter of 5 cm had laminar combustion mode, while 6 cm, 7 cm, and 8 cm had turbulent combustion. During the turbulent combustion process, the flames exhibited periodic changes. As the size of the oil pan increased, the flame height increased, the flame amplitude increased, the combustion time shortened, the rate of mass loss accelerated, the amount of fuel vapor generated increased, the heat release rate increased, and the thermal feedback effect strengthened. During the same time period, the consumption of O₂ and the production of CO increased.

When activated water mist to extinguish oil pool fires, the flame undergoes six stages: initial initiation, strengthening, root detachment, suppression, secondary strengthening, and extinguishing. Activated water mist can reduce flame intensification phenomenon, and the extinguishing time is directly proportional to the amount of CO produced. The longer the extinguishing time, the higher the amount of CO produced and the greater the consumption of O₂. Fine water mist containing NaF, NaBr, NaCl, and KCl can improve fire extinguishing efficiency, while fine water mist containing MgCl₂ and CaCl₂ reduces fire extinguishing efficiency. Surfactant fine water mist can improve fire extinguishing efficiency and is directly proportional to the ability to reduce surface tension. In the process of composite activated water mist fire extinguishing, there is a synergistic fire extinguishing effect, and the optimal concentration ratio is KCl 0.5mol/L+CTAB 0.015 mol/L. The fire extinguishing time is shortened by 55 % compared to pure water, greatly improving the fire extinguishing efficiency. This work provides a theoretical foundation for the practical use of activated water mist fire extinguishing.

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