习近平总书记在党的二十大报告上强调，全面建设社会主义现代化国家最艰巨最繁重的任务仍然在农村，这为新时代社会主义现代化建设、推动农业强国建设指明了前进方向。人才是乡村发展的第一资源，要实现农村地区全面发展，关键就在于如何用好人才资源，因此要加大人才的培养力度，为乡村发展提供源源不断的人才支持。本文从乡村振兴背景出发，基于陕南地区实际发展情况，对乡村振兴视域下陕南地区乡村人才培养过程中存在的问题进行研究，并针对突出问题提出对应路径，推动该地区各类别乡村人才的创新性发展。

       本文共有五个部分，第一部分为绪论部分，分别对研究背景与意义、国内外研究现状、研究思路、研究方法及创新点进行阐述。第二部分是相关理论概述，首先通过梳理政策文件对乡村振兴及乡村人才概念进行说明；其次从历史唯物主义角度论述了马克思关于人才的思想，并且对中国共产党人关于人才的核心观点进行分别阐释；最后通过总结习近平总书记关于人才培养要求的重要论述厘清乡村人才培养的基本要求，即要有坚定的理想信念、过硬的本领才干、改革创新的精神、良好的道德品质、强烈的责任担当，明确培养什么样的人才。第三部分详细划分了乡村人才培养的类型，即乡村治理人才、农业生产经营人才、农村二三产业发展人才、农业科技人才、乡村公共服务人才，明确各类别人才特性及优势，便于分类进行培养。第四部分通过问卷法和访谈法分别对陕南地区村民和乡村人才进行调研，基于统计结果从个别上升到一般分析乡村人才培养存在的问题，如思想引领作用有待加强，人才开发意识有待提高，实际培训效果有待转化，乡村人才发展环境有待改善等。第五部分针对陕南地区乡村人才培养存在的问题从思想引领、主体意识、分类培养、人文关怀等方面提出优化陕南乡村人才培养的路径：一是要重视组织领导，加强思想引领；二是尊重主体地位，培养人才意识；三是明确培训目的，满足实际需要；四是优化发展环境，注重人文关怀。

       总之，通过对陕南地区乡村人才进行系统研究，立足于当前乡村发展实际，结合乡村振兴发展总要求以及现代农业发展需要，通过思想教育分门别类对乡村人才进行培养，加强思想引导，统一意志、统一行动，一方面可以丰富思想政治教育理论的实践经验，另一方面可以为马克思主义理论研究中思想政治教育学科的建设提供良好的理论补充，为陕南地区乃至西北欠发达地区乡村人才培养提供思想层面的借鉴，促使各类人才形成合力，推动构建一支致力于实现乡村振兴、实现中华民族伟大复兴的乡村人才队伍。

       General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized in the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China that the most difficult and arduous task of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way is still in the rural areas, which has clarified the direction of the modernization of socialist modernization in the new era and promoting the construction of a strong agricultural country. Talent is the first resource for rural development. The key to achieve comprehensive development of rural areas is how to make full use of talent resources. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on increasing the training of talents and provide a steady stream of talent support for rural development. This article starts from the background of rural revitalization. Based on the actual development of the southern Shaanxi region, it studies the problems existing in rural talents in the southern Shaanxi region under the vision of rural revitalization, and put forward countermeasures for outstanding issues to promote the innovative development of rural talents of various categories in the region.

       There are five parts in this article. The first part is the introduction, which explains the research background and significance, domestic and foreign research status, research ideas, research methods, and innovation points respectively. The second part is an overview of the relevant theories. First of all, by sorting out policy documents, the concept of rural revitalization and rural talents are explained; secondly, from the perspective of historical materialism, the idea of Marx on talents is discussed, and explained separately about the core viewpoints of the leaders of the Chinese Communist Party of China; finally, through the summary of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discussion on the requirements of talent training to clarify the basic requirements of rural talent training, that is, we must have a firm ideals and beliefs, excellent skills, the spirit of reform and innovation, good moral qualities, and strong responsibilities. The third part detailed the type of rural talents, that is, rural governance talents, rural production and management talents, rural secondary and tertiary industrial development talents, agricultural science and technology talents, and rural public service talents. Clarify the characteristics and advantages of various types of talents, and facilitate its cultivation. The fourth part investigates villagers and rural talents in southern Shaanxi through questionnaire method and interview method, and analyzes the problems existing in rural talent training from individual to general based on statistical results, such as the role of thought leadership needs to be strengthened, the awareness of talent development needs to be improved, the actual training results need to be transformed, and the rural talent development environment needs to be improved. The fifth part proposes ways to optimize the cultivation of rural talents in southern Shaanxi from the aspects of thought leadership, subject awareness, classified training, and humanistic care: first, we should attach importance to organizational leadership and strengthen ideological guidance; secondly, to respect the status of the subject, and to cultivate the awareness of talents; thirdly, to clarify the purpose of training in order to meet the actual needs; fourth is to optimize the development environment and pay attention to humanistic care.

        In short, through the systematic research of rural talents in southern Shaanxi, based on the current rural development reality, combined with the general requirements of rural revitalization and the needs of modern agricultural development, it is necessary to cultivate rural talents through the content of ideological education, strengthen ideological guidance, unify will and action. On the one hand, it can enrich the practical experience of ideological and political education theory; on the other hand, it can provide a good theoretical supplement for the construction of ideological and political education disciplines in Marxist theoretical research, which provides ideological reference for the cultivation of rural talents in southern Shaanxi and even the underdeveloped areas of northwest area, and promotes the formation of a joint force of all kinds of talents, which promotes the construction of a team of rural talents committed to rural revitalization and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.