镁锂合金作为目前世界上最轻的合金结构材料，能够帮助减少材料使用与能源消耗，同时又具有极高的比刚度、比强度和优良的抗震性能以及电磁屏蔽性。但镁具有较高的化学活性，自然条件下发生氧化所形成的氧化膜稳定性差且疏松多孔，不能对基体起到有效的保护作用。为提高镁锂合金的长期耐蚀性，本实验以高锂含量LA103Z镁锂合金作为实验材料，通过“蒸汽预处理+原位水热处理”两步法在其表面先后制备SC薄膜和LDH/SC复合膜层（Layered double hydroxide/Steam coating）。使用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和红外光谱仪（FI-IR）检测了各膜层的微观形貌组织和物相成分，并通过电化学测试、析氢实验和浸泡测试对不同参数制备的SC薄膜以及LDH/SC复合膜层的耐蚀性能进行表征。此外，对镁锂合金表面SC及LDH/SC复合膜层的生长机理及耐蚀机理展开论述。

结果显示，通过蒸汽处理在镁合金表面成功制备了以Mg(OH)₂、MgO两相为主相的SC薄膜，该膜层在一定程度上提高了基体的耐腐蚀性。在蒸汽处理过程中，适当地升高温度和延长时间都有利于优化膜层的厚度和结构。当蒸汽处理温度为110 ℃、时间为6 h时，在基体表面获得了结构致密的SC薄膜，膜层厚度约为2.647 μm；析氢实验表明110 ℃-6 h时制备的SC薄膜试样的单位面积析氢量最小，约为8.71 ml/cm²，而LA103Z基体的单位面积析氢量高达37.74 ml/cm²。110 ℃-6 h时制备的SC薄膜试样在3.5 wt.% NaCl 溶液中浸泡八天后，腐蚀区域面积最小且腐蚀程度最轻。

实验通过制备Mg-Al LDH/SC二元复合膜层和Mg-Al-Zn LDH/SC三元复合膜层研究不同水热溶液及其浓度对LA103Z镁锂合金表面复合膜层组织和性能的影响。结果显示，Mg-Al LDH/SC复合膜层主要由Mg(OH)₂和LDH这两相组成，Mg-Al-Zn LDH/SC复合膜层主要由Mg(OH)₂和Mg-Al-Zn LDH两相组成，复合膜层的制备进一步提升了SC薄膜的耐蚀性。随着水热溶液浓度的升高，膜层的耐蚀性出现先升高后降低的趋势。其中，当Al(NO₃)₃浓度为0.09 M时，获得的二元复合膜层结构致密且厚度适宜（7.253 μm），该膜层的阻抗模值相比基体提升了2个数量级，析氢实验结果表明各膜层试样的析氢量从小到大排列为：V_0.09M < V_0.07M < V_0.05M < V_0.11M < V_LA103Z，且0.09M LDH/SC膜层的单位面积浸泡失重量最小（1.00 mg/cm²），浸泡后其表面受腐蚀程度最小，即当Al(NO₃)₃浓度为0.09 M时所制备的膜层对基体的保护作用更显著。在制备三元复合膜层时，当Zn(NO₃)₂溶液浓度为0.07 M时制备的复合膜层性能最佳（厚度约为7.226 μm），该膜层的阻抗模值相比基体提升了2个数量级，且该膜层具有较高于基体的腐蚀电位（E_corr = -1.267 V），析氢实验结果表明各膜层试样单位面积析氢量从小到大排列为：V_0.07M < V_0.05M < V_0.09M < V_0.03M < V_LA103Z，且0.07 M 三元 LDH/SC复合膜层浸泡八天后单位面积失重量最小，约为1.51 mg/cm²，远小于基体（3.43 mg/cm²），即水热溶液浓度为0.07 M时，所制备的三元LDH/SC膜层具有最佳的长期耐腐蚀性能。

LDH/SC复合膜层形成机理及耐蚀机理：在密闭的反应釜中，处于高温高压环境下的镁合金基体部分发生溶解，释放出Mg²⁺和Al³⁺，与蒸汽发生反应生成Mg(OH)₂、Al(OH)₄^-、MgO等物质，初步形成SC薄膜。在水热处理过程中，SC薄膜和基体部分溶解，再次生成Mg²⁺、Al³⁺进入溶液。碱性环境下Mg²⁺与OH^-进一步结合形成Mg(OH)₂，并缓慢沉积到SC薄膜表面，溶液中的Al³⁺将以Al(OH)₄^-的形式存在，并与Mg(OH)₂发生反应生成LDH，形成LDH/SC复合膜层。膜层的耐蚀机理主要归结于膜层的物理阻隔、离子交换能力以及自修复作用。

As the lightest alloy material in the world, Mg-Li alloy can help reduce the use of materials and energy consumption. At the same time, it has extremely high specific stiffness, specific strength, excellent seismic performance and electromagnetic shielding. However, magnesium has high chemical activity. The oxide film formed by oxidation under natural conditions has poor stability and is loose and porous, which can not effectively protect the matrix. In order to improve the long-term corrosion resistance of Mg-Li alloy, SC and LDH / SC composite coating (Layered double hydroxide / Steam coating) were prepared on the surface of LA103Z Mg-Li alloy by two-step method of 'steam pretreatment and in-situ hydrothermal treatment'. The microstructure and phase composition of coatings were detected by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FI-IR). The corrosion resistance of SC and LDH / SC composite coatings prepared by different parameters were characterized by electrochemical test, hydrogen evolution test and immersion test. In addition, the growth mechanism and corrosion resistance mechanism of SC and LDH / SC composite coatings on the surface of Mg-Li alloy were discussed.

The results show that the SC with Mg (OH)₂ and MgO as the main phases was successfully prepared on the surface of magnesium alloy by steam treatment, which improved the corrosion resistance of the matrix to a certain extent. In the steam treatment process, appropriately increasing the temperature and prolonging the time are beneficial to optimize the thickness and structure of the coating. When the steam treatment temperature is 110 °C and the time is 6 h, a dense SC with a thickness of about 2.647μm was obtained on the surface of the substrate. The hydrogen evolution experiment shows that the hydrogen evolution per unit area of the SC sample prepared at 110 °C - 6h is the smallest, about 8.71 ml/cm², while the hydrogen evolution per unit area of the LA103Z substrate is as high as 37.74ml/cm². The corrosion area of the SC sample prepared at 110 °C - 6h is the smallest and the corrosion degree is the lightest after soaking in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for eight days.

The effects of different hydrothermal solutions and their concentrations on the microstructure and properties of the composite coating on the surface of LA103Z Mg-Li alloy were studied by preparing Mg-Al LDH / SC binary composite coating and Mg-Al-Zn LDH / SC ternary composite coating. The results show that the Mg-Al LDH / SC composite coating is mainly composed of Mg(OH)₂ and Mg-Al LDH, and the Mg-Al-Zn LDH / SC composite coating is mainly composed of Mg(OH)₂ and Mg-Al-Zn LDH. The preparation of the composite coating further improves the corrosion resistance of the SC. With the increase of hydrothermal solution concentration, the corrosion resistance of the coating increased first and then decreased. Among them, when the concentration of Al(NO₃)₃ is 0.09 M, the obtained binary composite coating has dense structure and suitable thickness (7.253 μm). The impedance modulus of the coating is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the substrate. The hydrogen evolution experiment results show that the hydrogen evolution amount of each coating pattern is arranged from small to large: V_0.09M < V_0.07M < V_0.05M < V_0.11M < V_LA103Z. At the same time, the weight loss per unit area of 0.09 M LDH / SC coating has the smallest (1.00 mg / cm²), and the corrosion degree of the surface is the smallest after immersion. That is, when the concentration of Al(NO₃)₃ was 0.09 M, the protective effect of the coating on the matrix was more significant. In the preparation of ternary composite coating, when the concentration of Zn(NO₃)₂ solution is 0.07 M, the performance of the composite coating is the best (the thickness is about 7.226 μm). The impedance modulus of the coating is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the substrate, and the coating has a higher corrosion potential than the substrate (E_corr = -1.267 V). The hydrogen evolution experiment results show that the hydrogen evolution amount per unit area of each coating pattern is arranged from small to large: V_0.07M < V_0.05M < V_0.09M < V_0.03M < V_LA103Z. The weight loss per unit area of the 0.07 M ternary LDH / SC composite coating is the smallest after soaking for eight days, about 1.51 mg/cm², which is much smaller than that of the substrate (3.43 mg/cm²), that is, when the hydrothermal solution concentration is 0.07 M, the prepared ternary LDH / SC coating has the best long-term corrosion resistance.

The formation mechanism and corrosion resistance mechanism of LDH / SC composite coating: In a closed reactor, the magnesium alloy matrix in the high temperature and high pressure environment is partially dissolved, releasing Mg²⁺ and Al³⁺, reacting with steam to form Mg(OH)₂, Al(OH)₄^-, MgO and other substances. With the continuous heating of the reactor, Mg(OH)₂ reacts with Al(OH)₄^- to form LDH structure with CO₃^2- as interlayer anion. During the hydrothermal treatment process, the SC and the substrate are partially dissolved, generating Mg²⁺ and Al³⁺ into the solution. In alkaline environment, Mg²⁺ and OH^- further combined to form Mg(OH)₂, which was slowly deposited on the surface of SC, Al³⁺ in the solution will exist in the form of Al(OH)₄^- and react with Mg(OH)₂ to form LDH, forming LDH / SC composite coating. The corrosion resistance mechanism of the coating is mainly attributed to the physical barrier, ion exchange capacity and self-healing effect of the LDH.

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