目前我国煤层气勘探开发主要集中在中、高阶煤地区，低阶煤煤层气的勘探和开发技术及相应的研究十分薄弱。我国的低阶煤（Ro≤0.65%）分布十分广泛，以新疆、内蒙、陕西、青海、宁夏为主。由于低阶煤的孔隙结构与中、高阶煤有较大的差异，煤层气的吸附和解吸特性具有不同于中、高阶煤的特点，同时由于采煤活动频度增强，矿井瓦斯成为这些矿区最大的安全隐患，有必要对现阶段我国低阶煤煤层气开发区进行解吸特性的深入认识。 对低阶煤煤层气勘探开发区煤层气解吸特性的认识，要从煤层气储层的物性特征分析入手，进行工业分析、煤岩组分鉴定与煤岩类型划分、孔隙度测定、扫描电镜观察、孔隙分布与孔喉特征的压汞实验、比表面积测定与孔容测定的液氮吸附实验、等温吸附实验，在物理性质分析的基础上进行等温降压解吸实验与升温解吸实验，揭示煤层气解吸规律并归纳数学模型，为扩散、渗流的深入研究奠定基础。 通过系统的实验和分析总结，笔者认为：我国低阶煤的孔隙主要由大孔和中孔构成，总体上反映出半封闭孔隙和细瓶颈孔隙形态，部分反映出半封闭孔隙的特征，比表面积在5～6nm和50～60nm两处显著分布；低阶煤的吸附能力总体低于中、高阶煤，褐煤的吸附能力低于长焰煤，Weibull函数对低阶煤吸附曲线的拟合度最高；低阶煤中甲烷的解吸率大多高于中、高阶煤，Weibull函数对低阶煤解吸曲线的拟合度最高。最后，分析和总结了低阶煤煤层气吸附/解吸的影响因素。

The exploration and exploitation of coal-bed methane(CBM) mainly concentrated in medium rank and high rank coal area presently in China. It's very weak the exploration and development of low rank CBM and the corresponding research technique. Low rank coal (Ro≤0.65%) is very extensive in china, such as xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, shaanxi, ningxia, qinghai. The pore structure of low rank coal is different of middle and high-order coal. The adsorption and desorption characteristics of coalbed methane also have different characteristics. Due to mining activities of frequency, mine gas became the biggest security hidden danger area.Therefore, it is necessary to low-level desorption characteristics of coal in-depth study. In order to study the CBM desorption characteristics of low rank coal, should be study reservoir characteristics first.Experiment mainly includes coal industry analysis, coal rock types of components, porosity determination, scanning electron microscope, mercury injection experiments (pore structure and pore characteristic), the liquid nitrogen adsorption experiment (specific surface area and pore volume characteristic), the isothermal adsorption experiments. Then we have to analyze the experimental data and do the isothermal desorption experiment and variable temperature desorption experiment, analyze laws of desorption and mathematical model.This is the basic to further study characteristics of diffusion and seepage. Through the experiments and analysis, the author summarized the conclusion. The pore of low rank coal is mainly constitute by big pore and secondary pore.Pore forms overall reflect semi-closed pore and fine bottleneck pore, partly reflect the characteristics of semi-closed pore. Surface is mainly distributed in the 5-6nm and 50 ~ 60nm. The adsorption ability of low rank coal overall below the medium rank and high rank coal, and the adsorption ability of lignite below long-flame coal. Weibull function is a fitting function for the adsorption curve fitting of low rank coal. The CBM desorption rate of low rank coal is higher than the medium rank and high rank coal. The curve fitting degree of Weibull function is the highest for low rank coal desorption. Finally, the paper analyzes and summarizes the CBM adsorption / desorption influencing factors of the low rank coal.