核电压水堆一回路安全端焊接接头是一种采用异种金属焊接而成，用于连接反应堆压力容器和主管道的特殊结构，服役于高温高压的严苛水环境中。由于异种金属材料的差异性和焊接工艺的影响，安全端异种金属焊接接头不仅具有组织结构和力学性能的不均匀性，同时还可能存在各种裂纹类缺陷，使其成为核电结构服役过程中极易发生失效或断裂的薄弱区域。因此，需要对严酷服役环境下焊接结构中含裂纹区域的力学状态进行研究。本文以典型压水堆一回路安全端异种金属SA508-52M-316L焊接接头为例，采用理论分析、力学试验和弹塑性有限元模拟相结合的方法，分析了异种金属焊接接头力学性能分布情况，研究了复杂外载荷和不均匀力学性能场交互作用下焊接接头环境致裂(EAC)裂尖区域力学状态的变化情况。完成的主要研究工作和成果如下：

(1) 在传统压入试验理论的基础上，设计并搭建了一种用于获取异种金属焊接接头局部区域力学性能参数的压入试验平台。同时，建立了用于描述压入试验过程的有限元模型，通过将压入试验曲线、残余压痕尺寸和有限元模拟结果进行对比分析，验证了自主搭建压入试验平台的测量准确性。

(2) 采用压入试验结合有限元反演方法，分析了三种核电结构材料压入响应与材料力学性能参数之间的关系，建立了一种通过压入参数反推材料力学性能参数的方法，通过有限元模拟验证了上述方法的可靠性。采用压入试验的方法，通过压入参数反推得到了典型核电一回路安全端异种金属焊接接头在焊缝附近局部区域力学性能参数的分布规律。

(3) 根据异种金属焊接接头实际的力学性能参数分布情况，借助预定义温度场法将连续过渡的材料力学性能参数与焊接接头的几何结构进行关联，建立了材料力学性能连续过渡的异种金属焊接接头模型，并且通过数值模拟方法对比分析了使用连续过渡模型与直接划分结构区域后赋予不同材料属性的“三明治”模型表征焊接接头应力应变分布方面的差异。

(4) 借助金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、电子背散射衍射和维氏硬度分析，对典型核电一回路安全端异种金属焊接接头的微观组织结构进行了分析，研究微观组织结构和元素分布变化对焊接接头力学性能的影响，分析了焊接接头不同区域发生应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)的潜在原因，确定了异种金属焊接接头中相对薄弱的位置。

(5) 结合微观组织结构分析的结果，分别在具有连续过渡材料力学性能的异种金属焊接接头模型和传统的“三明治”模型中引入界面裂纹和亚界面裂纹，分析在内压和外加载荷耦合作用下，连续过渡模型和“三明治”模型计算焊接接头中应力腐蚀开裂裂纹裂尖力学状态的区别，得到了不同位置和长度裂纹裂尖应力和应变的变化规律。

(6) 在充分考虑核电服役环境复杂外载荷和不均匀力学性能分布的条件下，建立了含轴向内表面裂纹的核电一回路安全端异种金属焊接接头全尺寸三维模型。研究了内表面裂纹前缘应力、塑性应变和局部应力三轴度随裂纹位置和裂纹形状的变化情况，分析了裂纹前缘力学状态变化对裂纹扩展趋势的影响。

The safety end dissimilar metal weld joint (DMWJ) in the primary circuit of the pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear power plants is a special structure used to connect the reactor pressure vessel and the primary circuit pipeline, which is usually employed in the demanding environment with high temperature and high pressure water. Because of the difference in the properties of the dissimilar metal and the influence of the welding process on structures, the safety end DMWJ not only exhibit a heterogeneity microstructure and mechanical properties, but also may have various crack defects, making it a weak area that is prone to failure or fracture in service. Therefore, it is significant to study the mechanical state of the defect-containing welded structures in demanding environments. Using a combination of theoretical analysis, mechanical test, and elastic-plastic finite element method, a typical example SA508-52M-316L DMWJ was taken as the research object. The distribution of mechanical properties of SA508-52M-316L DMWJ was analyzed, and the changes in the stress state of the environmental assisted cracking (EAC) crack tip area under the interaction of complex external loads and inhomogeneous mechanical properties were investigated in this dissertation. The main research content and conclusions acquired are presented as follows:

(1) Based on the traditional indentation test theory, an indentation test platform was designed and built to obtain the mechanical properties of the local region of the DMWJ. At the same, the finite element model for describing the indentation test process was established. The measurement accuracy of the self-built indentation test platform was verified by comparing the indentation test and finite element simulation results.

(2) The relationship between the indentation response and the mechanical parameters of three different materials used in PWR were analyzed by using the indentation test combined with the finite element inversion method. The method for calculating the material mechanical parameters through the indentation parameter was established, and the reliability was verified by numerical simulation. By using combined elastoplastic finite element analysis (EPFEA) and the indentation test, the distribution law of the mechanical properties in the local region near the weld-fusion line of the DMWJ was obtained.

(3) The DMWJ model with continuous transition mechanical properties was established by using the predefined temperature field method with the actual mechanical properties of DMWJ obtained from the indentation test. On this basis, the difference between the continuous transition model and the “sandwich” model in characterizing the stress-state distribution of DWMJ was analyzed by using numerical simulation.

(4) The microstructure of the typical DMWJ was analyzed by a couple of techniques, such as optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and Vickers hardness. The effect of inhomogeneous microstructure and element distribution on mechanical properties of welded joints was studied, and the potential cause of stress corrosion cracking in the DMWJ was analyzed. On this basis, the relatively weak position in the DMWJ was determined.

(5) Combined with the results of microstructure analysis, the interface and sub-interface crack were introduced into the DMWJ with continuous transition model and the “sandwich” model, respectively. The difference of the stress state at the crack tip of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) between two models (i.e. continuous transition model and “sandwich” model) were analyzed under the coupling effect of internal pressure and external load. The variation of stress and strain on the crack tip with different crack lengths and positions were investigated.

(6) A full-scale three-dimensional model of safety end DMWJ in the primary circuit of PWR with axial inner surface cracks was established under the consideration of the complex external load and inhomogeneous distribution of mechanical properties. Based on the consideration of the distribution profile of the Mises stress, plastic strain, and stress triaxiality as the crack tip mechanical state along crack front, the crack growth stability with different crack shapes and positions were analyzed.

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