随着温室效应加剧和生产工艺需求，高温环境造成的热应激和热疾病广泛存在于生产和生活中。人体热生理调节模型可以预测人体热生理指标参数，为高温环境下人体热防护提供理论指导，但现有的人体热生理调节模型将被试者视为标准人体，未考虑个体差异性因素对人体热生理调节的影响，而研究表明人体热生理调节存在显著的个体差异性。因此，考虑人体热生理调节的个体差异性，建立个体差异性人体热生理调节模型是科学合理进行人体热防护的重要手段。本文在人体热应激（PHS）模型的基础上，考虑个体差异性因素对人体热生理调节的影响，开展了模拟与实验研究：
在传统PHS模型的基础上，考虑个体差异性因素（身高、体重、性别、年龄）对人体热物性参数及热生理调节的影响，建立IPHS模型。为验证改进模型的有效性，将文献中实验工况（三个案例，9种工况，51名被试者）输入PHS模型及IPHS模型，对比模型预测值与实验值。结果表明IPHS模型较PHS模型具有更好的预测表现：核心温度、皮肤温度与出汗量的实验值与模拟值的最大预测误差均未超过1.0 ℃，1.6 ℃，10 g；IPHS模型较PHS模型对核心温度（PHS: 0.98 ℃ vs. IPHS: 0.55 ℃）和出汗量（PHS: 335.7 g vs. IPHS: 8.9 g）的预测能力更优异。
为探究脂肪含量差异对人体热生理调节客观参数和主观评价的影响，开展了不同身体质量指数（BMI）被试者的人体热生理实验。实验结果表明，BMI差异可以造成被试者生理与心理响应存在统计学差异。在中等代谢率工况下（35 ℃，50 % RH， 80/140/200 W/m²），偏胖者与偏瘦者的核心温度、总出汗量、热舒适、服装湿润度及热疲劳程度、初始阶段（0-10 min）平均皮肤温度均存在统计学差异（p<0.05）；在高代谢率工况下（32.2±0.6 ℃，54.0±3.5 % RH，290 W/m²）偏胖者与偏瘦者在核心温度、总出汗量、服装湿润度、初始阶段（0-10 min）平均皮肤温度均存在统计学差异（p<0.05）。
为充分验证IPHS模型预测性能，将中等与高代谢率实验工况输入PHS模型与IPHS模型，对比实验值与模拟值。结果表明IPHS模型较PHS模型对中等及高代谢率实验中偏胖者与偏瘦者的核心温度预测能力均显著优于PHS模型（p<0.001）。
研究建立的IPHS模型提高了预测精度，可为高温环境人员安全性评估及防护服研发等提供理论支撑。

With the intensification of the greenhouse effect and the demand for production technology, heat strain and heat disease caused by high temperature environments widely exist in production and life. The thermoregulation model can predict the human body's thermal physiological indexes and provide human bodily protection theoretical guidance for people working in high temperature environments. Although the existing models do not consider the influence of individual differences on the thermal physiological regulation of the human body, the study shows that there are significant individual differences in thermoregulation of the human body. Therefore, considering the individual difference in human thermal physiology regulation, the establishment of individual difference human thermal physiology regulation model is an important means of scientific and reasonable human thermal protection. Based on the predicted heat strain (PHS) model, the simulation and experimental research considering the influence of individual differences on human thermal physiological regulation was carried out:

Based on the PHS model, the IPHS model was established by considering the influence of individual difference factors (height, weight, gender, age) on human thermophysical parameters and thermoregulation. To verify the effectiveness of the improved model, the experimental conditions (3 cases, 9 conditions, 51 subjects) in the literature were input into the PHS model and IPHS model, and then the predicted values of the model were compared with the experimental values. The results show that the IPHS model has better prediction performance than the PHS model. The maximum prediction differences of the core temperature, skin temperature, and sweating are less than 1.0 ℃, 1.6 ℃, and 10 g, respectively. The IPHS model has a better prediction performance for core temperature (PHS: 0.98 ℃ vs. IPHS: 0.55 ℃) and sweat volume (PHS: 335.7 g vs. IPHS: 8.9 g) than the PHS model.

To investigate the influence of body fat on objective parameters and subjective evaluation, a human trial was carried out among subjects with different body mass indexes (BMI). The experimental results show that the BMI difference could cause a statistical difference in the physiological and psychological responses of subjects. There were statistically differences in core temperature, total sweating loss, thermal comfort, clothing wetness, thermal fatigue degree, and mean skin temperature at the initial stage (0-10 min) between overweight and thin subjects (p<0.05) under medium metabolic rate conditions (35 ℃, 50 % RH, 80/140/200 W/m²); There were statistically differences in core temperature, total sweating loss, clothing wetness and average skin temperature at the initial stage (0-10 min) between overweight and lean subjects (p<0.05) under the condition of high metabolic rate (32.2±0.6 ℃, 54.0±3.5 % RH, 290 W/m²).

To fully verify the prediction performance of the IPHS model, medium and high metabolic rate experiment conditions were input into the PHS model and IPHS model, and the experimental and simulated values were compared. The results showed that the IPHS model was significantly better than the PHS model in predicting the core temperature of overweight and thin subjects in medium and high metabolic rate experiments (p<0.001).

The IPHS model can improve the prediction accuracy and provide theoretical support for safety evaluation and protective clothing development in high temperature environments.

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