20世纪90年代以来，随着全球经济一体化的趋势不断增强，世界经济发生了重大变化。企业面对变化和不确定的环境为寻求更好的战略，使得“双赢”成为现代企业应对竞争环境的最佳选择，于是就产生了能将知识、技术、资金、原材料、市场和管理等资源联合起来的虚拟企业。虚拟企业作为信息时代敏捷制造环境下的主导企业模式，其虚拟企业质量管理已经成为竞争制胜的关键。然而，从风险管理角度而言，影响虚拟企业质量管理的风险因素制约了企业的健康发展。因此，运用风险管理理论与方法对虚拟企业质量管理风险的识别、评价与防范的研究在整个虚拟企业研究领域中具有极其重要的地位，这是新世纪质量管理科学研究的重要内容。 首先，本文基于PDCA循环，把虚拟企业质量管理活动分为这四个阶段：质量计划阶段、质量任务实施阶段、质量任务监督阶段、质量改进阶段，对不同阶段所存在的质量管理风险进行了详细的分析和辨识，并建立了虚拟企业质量管理风险指标体系。 其次，本文运用层次模糊综合评价理论和方法，建立了虚拟企业质量管理风险评价的模型，并针对所存在的风险，构建了风险防范体系，提出了风险防范的原则，风险规避的策略和方法。 最后，结合案例，对该企业质量管理所存在的风险进行衡量与评估，并根据上述风险防范原则及方法，建立了质量管理风险核对表。 综合上述，本文以虚拟企业质量管理活动中所存在的风险作为研究对象，结合虚拟企业质量管理运行中的实际情况，分析了虚拟企业质量管理各类风险的成因，提出了风险防范的措施，着重研究了虚拟企业质量管理风险因素的衡量评价方法和风险防范的具体措施。希望能为虚拟企业质量管理活动所存在的风险防范研究提供参考。

Since the 1990s， along with economic globalization and integration has been constantly strengthened， word economy produced major change. Facing a change and uncertain environment， the virtual enterprise has to seek a better strategy. The "win-win" as the best choice for modern enterprises to respond the competitive environment， and thus the virtual enterprise combined with knowledge、technology、capital、raw materials、markets and management resources is emerged. The virtual enterprise as the information age agile manufacturing environment of leading enterprise mode， its quality management has become the key to winning the competition. However， from the point of the risk management， virtual enterprise quality management of the influence risk factors restricted the healthy development of the enterprise. Therefore， the virtual enterprise quality management of risk recognition， evaluation and prevention of the use of risk management and theories and methods has an extremely important position in the research areas of the whole virtual enterprise， which is an important part of the scientific research of the quality management in the new century. Firstly， based on the PDCA cycle， the virtual enterprise quality management activities are divided into four stages: quality planning stage， the quality of task implementation phase， monitoring phase of quality task， the quality improvement stage. This article carried out a detailed analysis and identification for the different stages of the existence of quality risk management， and the risk index system of the quality management of virtual enterprise was established. Secondly， this paper uses AHP fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theory and method， which established the quality management of virtual enterprise risk evaluation model. Based on existing risk， the paper established a risk prevention system， and put forward the principle of risk prevention， risk avoidance strategies and methods. Finally， combined with a case， this paper measured and evaluated risk of the virtual enterprise quality management. Based on the precautionary principle and method， the paper established a quality management risk checklist. Above， the existed risk of the virtual enterprise quality management activities was as a research object. It combined with the actual situation of virtual enterprise quality management , analyzed the various causes of risks of virtual enterprise quality management， and raised the risk prevention measures. This paper focuses on assessment methods of risk factors of virtual enterprise quality management and prevention measures. This paper is to provide the reference of the risk prevention of the virtual enterprise management activity.