古建筑学家罗哲文说：“陕西历史文化艺术宝库中，除了帝王宫殿、坛庙、陵墓、寺院等等之外，还有一份十分宝贵的民间文化遗产，民居宅第就是其中重要的一种类型”。且屋脊作为民居的冠冕不仅继承传统民居特殊风貌，还表现地域文化特征的关键。地域文化承载着自然环境下一个时期、一个地域的特性，屋脊装饰作为民居地域特色较为突出的部分，是传统民居基于地域特征下的物质财富和精神财富，是在不断地积累、发展和升华过程中的民居文化遗产。
       本文以关中与陕南地区的传统民居屋脊为研究对象，首先针对民居及民居屋脊从根源脉络进行梳理、概括屋脊的变化发展和意识形态，其次在地域特征视角下，以两地传统民居屋脊作为研究实例，通过文献搜集、田野调查、访谈、地理图志等方法研究，掌握两地受到的自然因素和人文因素的影响，对地缘特征、人文特征和民居形制的解读。进一步通过个案研究以各屋脊构件分类，比较其图案纹样、堆叠形式、构图方式等审美差异，诠释地域因素影响下两地屋脊的时代特点和艺术价值，将屋脊按照构件装饰、纹样装饰、构图特征做对比分类，对正脊、垂脊、中堆、脊端进行逐类比较，尝试探寻不同地区屋脊装饰的异同。最后研究归纳出关中、陕南传统民居屋脊基于地域性特征因素影响，异同之处揭示所表现出的文化内涵，对其原因进行深层探究，得出等级观念文化下两地屋脊装饰具有共通性，且民间信仰下屋脊装饰具有多元性。地域传统民居的屋脊装饰细节会更容易被忽视，本文力求在理论探究和深入调研的基础上，从具体形制中分析两地民居屋脊的特征，从而更好地保护和挖掘关中、陕南地域性的屋脊文化及其意义，反映出人与自然、与民居、与装饰之间的内在关系。为两地民居屋脊保护和传承提供了依据，也是民居乡土文化研究的一个重要环节，同时也为两地屋脊装饰文化元素运用在现代设计中提供参考价值。

      An ancient architect, Luo Zhewen, said: "In the treasure house of Shaanxi's history, culture and art, in addition to the imperialpalaces, altars and temples,In addition to mausoleums, monasteries, etc., there is also a very valuable folk cultural heritage, among which the houses are the most important.As the crown of the house, the roof ridge not only inherits the special features of traditional houses, but also expresses the key to the characteristics of regional culture. Regional culture carries the characteristics of a period and a region under the natural environment. The outstanding part is the artistic product of traditional dwellings, which are based on the material wealth and spiritual wealth under the regional characteristics, and are constantly accumulated, developed and sublimated. This paper studies the roofs of traditional dwellings in Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi. Firstly, it summarizes the changes, development and ideology of the roofs from the origin and context of the dwellings and the roofs of the dwellings. Secondly, from the perspective of regional characteristics, the roofs of traditional dwellings in the two places are used as the research. For example, through practical methods such as literature collection, field investigation, interview, historical data, etc., we can grasp the influence of natural and human factors in the two places, and interpret the geographical characteristics, human characteristics and residential forms. Further through the case study, each roof ridge component is classified, mainly comparing the aesthetic differences in patterns, stacking forms, composition methods, etc., and interpreting the era characteristics and artistic value of the roof ridges in the two places under the influence of regional factors. The characteristics are compared and
classified, and they are divided into straight ridge, vertical ridge, middle pile and ridge end for specific category-by-category comparison, and try to explore the similarities and differences of roof ridge decoration in different regions. Finally, the research
concludes that the roofs of traditional dwellings in Guanzhong and Shaanxi are influenced by regional characteristic factors, the similarities and differences reveal the cultural connotation, and the reasons are deeply explored. , and under the folk beliefs, the roof decoration has diversity. The roof decoration details of the regional traditional houses will be more easily overlooked. This paper strives to understand the characteristics of the roofs of the two places from the specific form on the basis of theoretical exploration and in-depth research, so as to better protect and excavate the regional characteristics of Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi. The cultural significance of the roof culture reflects the inner relationship between man and nature, with dwellings, and with decoration. It provides a basis for the protection and inheritance of the roof ridges of the two places, and it is also an important part of the research on the local culture of the houses.

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