With the advancement of economic globalization, although productivity has experienced unprecedented growth and material wealth has significantly improved, it has also exacerbated the conflict between humans and the natural environment, making ecological crisis a major challenge facing current society. In this context, ecological issues have gradually become a hot field of theoretical research, and many domestic and foreign scholars have begun to pay attention to the rich content of Marxist natural philosophy. This article aims to explore the potential strategies of Marxist theory in solving ecological crises, in order to achieve harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. Marx's Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, as his early classic work, deeply analyzed the philosophical and economic issues of labor alienation. At the same time, by analyzing the history of labor and the exploitation of labor by capital, it touched on the profound connection between humans and nature, advocating the concept of the essential unity between humans and nature. This theoretical perspective provides crucial theoretical support for reflecting on the structural contradictions and values of modern society. The discussion on the relationship between humans and nature in the manuscript has a profound impact on current environmental challenges and ecological crises. It inspires us to pursue green living, promote comprehensive human development, and build a symbiotic ecological civilization concept in the new era, promoting sustainable development. The structure of the article is as follows: Chapter 1, based on a global perspective and cutting-edge domestic research results, clarifies the exploration motivation and research path of the topic, while emphasizing the innovative strategy of this study. Next, Chapter 2 focuses on the philosophical foundation and construction history of the concept of nature in the manuscript, attempting to reveal its profound theoretical origins. The third chapter provides a detailed interpretation of the core concept of nature in the manuscript, and conducts a three-dimensional analysis through three unique perspectives to deeply explore its connotation. In Chapter 4, we turn to a deep analysis of the unique characteristics of the natural view in the manuscript and its positioning in the Marxist theoretical system. We present its indispensable role and influence from multiple perspectives, such as materialist perspective, practical philosophy, historical evolution, and ecological perspective. Finally, Chapter 5 takes a forward-looking perspective and comprehensively examines the theoretical value and practical application of the concept of nature in the manuscript, especially its practical guidance for addressing global ecological and environmental challenges, providing us with profound insights.