快速城市化过程中不透水面持续扩张是影响城市环境变化的重要原因，随着城市空间的不断扩张，以植被为主导的自然地表景观被大量的不透水面所替代，很大程度上影响了城市的热环境和生态环境质量。本研究以太原市为研究区，基于太原市2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年、2024年6期Landsat影像，使用增强型不透水面指数来提取研究区的不透水面信息，进而通过面积变化、扩张强度和重心迁移等指标分析了2000-2024年间太原市不透水面的时空演变特征；基于时空地理加权回归函数模型（GTWR）对地区生产总值、人口密度、海拔高度、坡度、高速公路、二级公路、三级公路和四级公路等多个因素对不透水面的驱动力进行了深入分析；采用辐射方程法和单窗算法进行地表温度反演，利用皮尔逊（Pearson）相关性分析法、双变量空间自相关分析法，探究不透水面与地表温度和遥感生态指数之间的相关性及空间集聚程度；通过反演热度、干度、湿度和绿度构建遥感生态指数（RSEI），评估了2000-2024年研究区生态环境质量；最后，本文分析了不透水面景观格局指数与地表温度和遥感生态指数的相关性，利用最优参数地理探测器探究其对热环境和生态环境质量的影响。

    （1）不透水面时空演变及驱动力分析

      研究表明，太原市不透水面在2000-2024年间持续扩张，尽管扩张速率存在波动，但总体呈现出显著增长趋势；不透水面的扩张主要集中在城市核心区域及交通便捷的外围区域，并呈现出明显的空间集聚性，研究期内不透水面总体沿南北方向扩张；通过Moran's I指数分析，发现不透水面的扩张过程具有高度的空间自相关性，并非随机发生，即呈现显著的空间集聚性；基于GTWR模型的分析结果表明，多种驱动因子在不同区域对不透水面驱动力效应差异显著，在高密度人口区域和经济发达的地区，地区生产总值和交通设施的完善对不透水面的扩展起到了积极推动作用，而高程和坡度则在空间上对不透水面扩展产生了负向制约效应。

     （2）不透水面演变的热效应

       研究表明，太原市不透水面扩张与地表温度之间存在显著的正相关关系。在2000-2024年期间，整体上地表温度随着不透水面的扩张而上升，表明不透水面的扩张直接导致了研究区城市热环境的加剧，加重了城市热效应；进一步的LISA聚类分析显示，不透水面与地表温度的空间分布存在明显的高-高聚集区域，进一步验证了不透水面的增加在研究区城市热环境变化中扮演了重要角色，特别是在城市的核心区域和交通密集区域；此外，通过不透水面景观格局分析发现，随着不透水面斑块聚集度的增加，地表温度的上升趋势也日益明显，特别是在城市化进程快速推进的区域，随着不透水面集中扩展，景观破碎度下降，地表温度的升高更加明显，进一步加剧了城市热环境效应。这一趋势反映出城市下垫面变化对热环境的实质性影响，表明不透水面扩张是导致城市热环境恶化的重要因素。

      （3）不透水面演变的生态环境质量效应

      研究表明，2000-2010年间太原市的生态环境质量波动较大，从2010年起，随着生态保护措施的加强，环境质量逐步改善；遥感生态指数与不透水面呈现显著的负相关关系，尤其是在2010年，负相关性达到最强，表明不透水面扩展对生态环境造成了显著的负面影响；不透水面景观格局的变化对生态环境质量产生了重要影响，通过对不透水面景观格局指数的分析，发现斑块的数量、聚集度、形状等指标与遥感生态指数存在显著相关性，且指标之间的交互作用进一步加剧了不透水面扩展对生态环境质量的负面影响；随着不透水面逐渐扩张和聚集，生态环境质量持续受到威胁。因此，建议在城市建成区实施“斑块-廊道”绿地系统规划，提升景观连通度，从而削弱不透水面热效应影响，抑制不透面增加造成的生态质量恶化。

The continuous expansion of impervious surfaces during rapid urbanization is a significant factor influencing urban environmental changes. As urban space expands, natural land cover dominated by vegetation is extensively replaced by impervious surfaces, which greatly affects the urban thermal environment and ecological quality. This study focuses on Taiyuan City as the research area and utilizes six Landsat images from 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, and 2024. The Enhanced Impervious Surface Index (ENDISI) was used to extract the impervious surface information, and the spatiotemporal evolution of impervious surfaces in Taiyuan City from 2000 to 2024 was analyzed through indicators such as area change, expansion intensity, and center of gravity shift. The study also used the Geographically Weighted Regression (GTWR) model to analyze the driving forces of factors such as GDP, population density, elevation, slope, highways, secondary roads, tertiary roads, and quaternary roads on the expansion of impervious surfaces. Surface temperature inversion was carried out using the radiation equation method and single-window algorithm, and Pearson correlation analysis and bivariate spatial autocorrelation methods were used to explore the correlations and spatial clustering between impervious surfaces, surface temperature, and the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI). By inverting heat, dryness, humidity, and greenness, the RSEI was constructed to assess the ecological quality of the study area from 2000 to 2024. Finally, the study examined the relationships of impervious surface landscape pattern indices with surface temperature and RSEI, using the optimal parameter geographic detector to explore how impervious surface expansion impacts the thermal environment and ecological quality.

(1) Spatiotemporal Evolution and Driving Force Analysis of Impervious Surfaces

The study found that impervious surfaces in Taiyuan City continued to expand from 2000 to 2024. Although the expansion rate fluctuated, there was a significant overall increase. The expansion of impervious surfaces was primarily concentrated in the urban core and peripheral areas with convenient transportation, showing distinct spatial clustering. During the study period, impervious surfaces generally expanded along the north-south direction. Moran's I index analysis revealed that the expansion of impervious surfaces exhibited a high degree of spatial autocorrelation and was not random, demonstrating significant spatial clustering. The GTWR model analysis indicated that various driving factors had significantly different effects on the expansion of impervious surfaces in different regions. In areas with high population density and economic development, GDP and the improvement of transportation infrastructure played a positive role in the expansion of impervious surfaces, while elevation and slope had a negative spatial constraint on their expansion.

(2) Thermal Effect of Impervious Surface Evolution

The study showed a significant positive correlation between the expansion of impervious surfaces and surface temperature in Taiyuan City. From 2000 to 2024, surface temperatures generally rose with the expansion of impervious surfaces, indicating that the expansion of impervious surfaces directly exacerbated the urban thermal environment and intensified the urban heat island effect. Further LISA clustering analysis revealed obvious high-high clusters in the spatial distribution of impervious surfaces and surface temperature, further confirming the significant role of impervious surface expansion in the urban heat environment, especially in the urban core and transportation-intensive areas. Additionally, landscape pattern analysis of impervious surfaces showed that as the aggregation of impervious surface patches increased, the rising trend of surface temperature became more evident, particularly in areas where urbanization was rapidly progressing. As impervious surfaces expanded and aggregated, landscape fragmentation decreased, and surface temperatures rose more significantly, further intensifying the urban heat effect. This trend reflects the substantial impact of urban underlying surface changes on the thermal environment, indicating that the expansion of impervious surfaces is a major factor leading to the deterioration of the urban thermal environment.

(3) Ecological Environment Quality Effects of Impervious Surface Evolution

The study found that between 2000 and 2010, the ecological quality of Taiyuan City fluctuated significantly. Since 2010, with the strengthening of ecological protection measures, the environmental quality gradually improved. A significant negative correlation was observed between the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) and impervious surfaces, especially in 2010, when the negative correlation was strongest, indicating that the expansion of impervious surfaces had a notable negative impact on the ecological environment. The changes in impervious surface landscape patterns had an important effect on ecological quality. Analysis of the impervious surface landscape pattern indices revealed significant correlations between metrics such as patch number, aggregation, and shape with the RSEI, and the interactions between these metrics further intensified the negative impact of impervious surface expansion on ecological quality. As impervious surfaces gradually expanded and aggregated, ecological quality continued to be threatened. Therefore, it is recommended to implement a “patch-corridor” green space system planning in urban built-up areas to enhance landscape connectivity, thereby weakening the thermal effect of impervious surfaces and mitigating the ecological quality deterioration caused by their increase.

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