重金属废水治理一直是环保领域的难题。钒(V)作为常见的重金属污染物，自身毒性虽低，但其化合物却对人体、生物及环境呈现中等毒性，且化合价态越高毒性越强，其中五价钒毒性最为突出。相较于传统处理工艺，人工湿地耦合微生物燃料电池(CW-MFC)系统成本更低、操作简便、环境友好，还不会造成二次污染。本研究将CW-MFC系统用于含钒废水处理，通过调整碳源类型、COD浓度、进水V(Ⅴ)浓度和植物种类等因素确定最优运行参数，并基于此开展后续实验以优化污染物去除效果。利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对反应结束后的碳毡进行表征，从金属价态角度分析五价钒的去除途径。通过分析微生物群落组成的差异性和多样性，从微观角度探究植物、CW-MFC系统以及系统内的微生物对废水中钒去除的协同作用，并阐明微生物产电性能对含钒废水中钒的去除与转化影响。研究结果表明：

（1）乙酸钠作为碳源时，CW-MFC系统的产电以及对氨氮、总氮的去除率均优于其他碳源。COD浓度通过调控异化金属还原菌的活性影响V(Ⅴ)的去除和系统产电性能，当COD浓度为420 mg/L时对系统促进作用最佳。湿地植物显著强化了CW-MFC的产电性能和五价钒的去除，水葱、泽泻、风车草和水烛四种湿地植物对CW-MFC系统的影响具有显著差异。采用水葱作为湿地植物时，系统对150 mg/L V(Ⅴ)的去除效率最大，达98.86%。

（2）实验过程中观察到生成的蓝绿色沉淀即为还原产物，随着反应时间延长而增多。XPS分析显示，碳毡在517-520 eV范围内存在钒的V2p峰，分峰结果显示：517.67 eV（V(Ⅴ)的2p_3/2轨道）和523.61 eV（V(Ⅴ)的2p_1/2轨道）对应五价钒，516.74 eV峰对应四价钒。四价钒的生成证实钒从+5价被还原至+4价，形成更易沉淀的形态。CW-MFC系统中五价钒的去除是植物吸收、生物电化学还原、基质吸附与电极共沉淀协同作用的结果，实验结束后，植物各部位均检测到五价钒，表明其富集能力对系统净化具有重要贡献。

（3）CW-MFC阴阳极的微生物群落组成存在有明显差异，样品中含有酸杆菌门（Acidobacteriota）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobactesriota）等优势菌门。变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和放线菌门（Actinobactesriota）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）、Geobacter作为常见的电活性细菌，有力推动了系统产电，不但参与了有机物的降解过程，还通过促进电子转移强化五价钒还原。硝化螺旋菌属（Nitrospira）和硝基念珠菌属（Candidatus_Nitrotoga）是常见的硝化菌，参与了反硝化过程的进行。铁矿单胞菌属（Arenimonas）、新草螺菌（Noviherbaspirillum）可以在微电解环境下对水体中的金属污染物进行还原和去除。

The treatment of heavy metal wastewater has always been a difficult problem in the field of environmental protection. Vanadium (V), as a common heavy metal pollutant, has low toxicity itself, but its compounds show moderate toxicity to humans, organisms and the environment, and the higher the valence state, the stronger the toxicity, among which pentavalent vanadium has the most prominent toxicity. Compared with traditional treatment processes, the constructed wetland coupled with microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) system has lower cost, simpler operation, is environmentally friendly, and does not cause secondary pollution. This study applied the CW-MFC system to the treatment of vanadium-containing wastewater, and determined the optimal operating parameters by adjusting factors such as carbon source type, COD concentration, influent V(V) concentration and plant species. Based on this, subsequent experiments were carried out to optimize the removal effect of pollutants. The carbon felt after the reaction was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and other techniques, and the removal pathway of pentavalent vanadium was analyzed from the perspective of metal valence state. By analyzing the differences and diversity of microbial community composition, the synergistic effect of plants, the CW-MFC system and the microorganisms within the system on the removal of vanadium in wastewater was explored from a microscopic perspective, and the influence of microbial electricity production performance on the removal and transformation of vanadium in vanadium-containing wastewater was clarified. The research results show that:

(1) When sodium acetate is used as the carbon source, the power generation of the CW-MFC system and the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen are better than those of other carbon sources. The COD concentration affects the removal of V(V) and the power generation performance of the system by regulating the activity of dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria. When the COD concentration is 420 mg/L, the promoting effect on the system is the best. Wetland plants significantly enhance the power generation performance of the CW-MFC and the removal of pentavalent vanadium. The four wetland plants, namely Acorus calamus, Euryale ferox, Cyperus alternifolius and Typha angustifolia, have significant differences in their effects on the CW-MFC system. When Acorus calamus is used as the wetland plant, the system has the highest removal efficiency of 150 mg/L V(V), reaching 98.86%.

(2) During the experiment, the blue-green precipitate observed was the reduction product, which increased with the extension of the reaction time. XPS analysis showed that there was a V2p peak of vanadium in the range of 517-520 eV on the carbon felt. The peak splitting results indicated that 517.67 eV (2p_3/2 orbital of V(V)) and 523.61 eV (2p_1/2 orbital of V(V)) corresponded to pentavalent vanadium, and the 516.74 eV peak corresponded to tetravalent vanadium. The generation of tetravalent vanadium confirmed that vanadium was reduced from +5 to +4, forming a more easily precipitated form. The removal of pentavalent vanadium in the CW-MFC system is the result of the synergistic action of plant absorption, bioelectrochemical reduction, substrate adsorption and electrode co-precipitation. After the experiment, pentavalent vanadium was detected in all parts of the plants, indicating that their enrichment ability makes an important contribution to the system purification.

(3) There are significant differences in the microbial community composition of the anode and cathode of the CW-MFC system. The samples contain dominant phyla such as Acidobacteriota, Proteobacteria, and Actinobactesriota. Proteobacteria, Actinobactesriota, Bacteroidota, and Geobacter, as common electroactive bacteria, strongly promote the power generation of the system. They not only participate in the degradation of organic matter but also enhance the reduction of pentavalent vanadium by promoting electron transfer. Nitrospira and Candidatus Nitrotoga, as common nitrifying bacteria, participate in the denitrification process. Arenimonas and Noviherbaspirillum can reduce and remove metal pollutants in water under micro-electrolytic conditions.

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