随着采煤智能化程度的不断提高和开采深度的不断增加，采煤设备服役环境越来越苛刻，液压支架油缸内壁腐蚀与磨损失效问题受到广泛关注，对油缸内壁进行强化、防护和修复已成为该领域的研究重点。本文采用电弧熔覆和激光熔覆技术在液压油缸用钢27SiMn表面分别制备了铜合金熔覆层和奥氏体不锈钢熔覆层、TiC增强奥氏体不锈钢熔覆层强化液压油缸内壁，对比分析了三种铜合金电弧熔覆层的微观结构和腐蚀磨损性能；研究了扫描速度和 TiC颗粒添加量对奥氏体不锈钢激光熔覆层的微观结构和腐蚀磨损行为的影响；探讨了 200 ℃预热和 420 ℃后热处理对激光熔覆层和基材热影响区的显微组织和力学性能的影响。本文的主要结论如下： 
（1）三种铜合金电弧熔覆层主要由 α-Cu基体相、枝晶状 κ-AlFe₃和少量球形 γ-Fe相组成。富含 Ni元素的 X2熔覆层的显微组织分布更均匀，耐蚀性最好；富含 Al、Zn的 X3熔覆层中的 κ相量增多，晶粒也变粗，耐蚀性最差，但耐磨性最好。三种熔覆层中的 Al、Fe先于 Cu元素发生腐蚀，在乳化液润滑条件下的磨损机制为磨粒磨损。 
（2）激光熔覆不锈钢熔覆层的相组成为奥氏体，从熔合区到熔覆层表面的奥氏体晶粒形态依次为平面晶-胞状晶-柱状树枝晶和等轴树枝晶。增大扫描速度及预热或后热处理都可以显著提高熔覆层的耐蚀性和耐磨性。熔覆层经 3.5% NaCl溶液电化学腐蚀后出现均匀分布的点蚀坑，其微观形态呈蜂窝状。熔覆层在干摩擦条件下表现为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损，而在乳化液润滑条件下为磨粒磨损。奥氏体不锈钢激光熔覆层的腐蚀磨损性能明显优于电弧熔铜层。 
（3）激光熔覆态 27SiMn基材的热影响区显微组织由马氏体、贝氏体、铁素体和珠光体组成，近熔合区的马氏体含量较多，而近基材的铁素体和珠光体含量多。随着扫描速度增大，热影响区宽度变窄，马氏体含量增多，硬度升高。扫描速度为 7 mm/s时，熔覆样品的抗拉强度和伸长率均最大，冲击韧性较 27SiMn基材降低了 60.28%。 
（4）基材经过 200 ℃预热的熔覆试样热影响区中马氏体含量明显减少，硬度显著降低，抗拉强度提升。熔覆态试样经过 420 ℃退火处理以后，其热影响区组织为回火屈氏体，硬度显著下降，抗拉强度和冲击韧性分别提高了 6.07%和 42.92%。 
 （5）TiC增强奥氏体不锈钢复合熔覆层的组织主要由奥氏体、TiC及少量共晶体组成。随着 TiC含量的增加，TiC的晶体形状从花瓣状向块状、类球状转变；熔覆层的耐蚀性呈现先降低后升高的趋势，受 TiC熔解量以及由此引发的晶间腐蚀程度所控制。添加 TiC提高了熔覆层的硬度和耐磨性，20-TiC熔覆层在干摩擦和乳化液润滑下的磨损率分别降低了 76.34%和 89.49%。60-TiC熔覆层在干摩擦条件下磨损机制为粘着磨损，在乳化液润滑条件下磨损机制为磨粒磨损，耐磨性比干摩擦条件下显著提高。

   With the increasing intelligence of coal mining and the increasing depth of mining, the service environment of coal mining equipment is becoming more and more harsh. The corrosion and wear failure of the inner wall of hydraulic support cylinders are widely concerned, and the strengthening, protection and repair of the inner wall of the cylinder have become the research focus in this field. In this paper, copper alloy cladding layer, austenitic 
stainless steel cladding layer and TiC-reinforced austenitic stainless steel cladding layer were prepared on the surface of 27SiMn steel for hydraulic cylinder by arc cladding and laser cladding technology respectively to strengthen the inner wall of hydraulic cylinder. The microstructure and corrosion wear properties of the arc cladding layer of three copper alloys were compared and analyzed; the effects of scanning speed and TiC particle addition on the microstructure and corrosion wear behavior of laser cladding layer of austenitic stainless steel were studied; the effects of 200 ℃ preheating and 420 ℃ post heat treatment on the 
microstructure and mechanical properties of laser cladding layer and substrate heat affected zone were discussed. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 
(1) The three copper alloy arc cladding layers mainly consist of α-Cu matrix phase, dendritic κ-AlFe₃ and a small amount of spherical γ-Fe phase. The microstructure of the Ni-rich X2 cladding layer is more uniformly distributed and has the best corrosion resistance; 
the κ-phase in the Al and Zn-rich X3 cladding layer increases and the grains become coarser, which has the worst corrosion resistance but the best wear resistance. The Al and Fe in the 
three cladding layers corrode before the Cu elements, and the wear mechanism under the emulsion lubrication is abrasive wear. 
(2) The phase composition of laser cladding stainless steel cladding layer is austenite, and the austenite grain morphology from the fusion zone to the surface of cladding layer is in the 
order of planar crystals - cytosolic crystals - columnar dendrites and equiaxed dendrites. Increasing the scanning speed and preheating or post heat treatment can significantly improve 
the corrosion and wear resistance of the cladding layer. After electrochemical corrosion in 3.5% NaCl solution, uniformly distributed pitting pits appear in the cladding layer, and its 
microstructure is honeycomb. The cladding layer exhibits adhesive wear and abrasive wear under dry friction conditions, and abrasive wear under emulsion lubrication conditions. The corrosion and wear performance of the laser cladding layer of austenitic stainless steel is significantly better than that of the arc cladding copper layer. 
(3) The microstructure of heat affected zone of laser cladding 27SiMn substrate is composed of martensite, bainite, ferrite and pearlite, with more martensite content near the fusion zone 
and more ferrite and pearlite content near the base material. As the scanning speed increases, the heat affected zone width becomes narrower, the martensite content increases and the 
hardness increases. When the scanning speed is 7 mm/s, the tensile strength and elongation of the cladding sample are the largest, and the impact toughness is 60.28% lower than that of 
27SiMn substrate. 
(4) The martensite content in the heat affected zone of the substrate preheated at 200 ℃ is significantly reduced, the hardness is significantly reduced , and the tensile strength is improved. After the cladding specimens were annealed at 420 ℃, the heat affected zone is tempered brittleness, the hardness decreased obviously, and the tensile strength and impact toughness increased by 6.07% and 42.92%, respectively. 
(5) The microstructure of TiC-reinforced austenitic stainless steel composite cladding layer is mainly composed of austenite, TiC and a small amount of eutectic. With the increase of TiC content, the crystal shape of TiC changes from petal-like to massive and sphere-like; the corrosion resistance of the cladding layer decreases first and then increases, which is controlled by the amount of TiC melting and the degree of intergranular corrosion caused by it. The addition of TiC improves the hardness and wear resistance of the cladding layer, and the wear rates of 20-TiC cladding layer under dry friction and emulsion lubrication are reduced by 76.34% and 89.49% respectively. 60-TiC cladding layer under dry friction is subjected to adhesive wear, and under emulsion lubrication is subjected to abrasive wear, and the wear 
resistance is significantly improved compared with that under dry friction. 

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