煤矿井下通风系统的安全监测有力保障了作业环境安全。由于布线难度和续航时间短等因素，实时监控井下通风风筒状态存在监测节点少，监测系统供电难等问题。为解决感知数据传输难、传感器安装困难等问题，本文提出一种利用井下风筒内风能的自供电无线传感器网络监测技术，以达到通风系统的监测节点灵活布置目标。根据《煤矿安全规程》所规定的风速限制以及矿井特殊的工作环境，大型涡轮旋转式风能收集器在风筒内的小型化应用受到了限制。因此，本文研究风致振动式风能收集器，选定薄膜聚合物(PVDF)作为换能材料，通过COMSOL有限元模拟，优化压电振子拱形曲率结构，设计出适用于矿井的风致驰振型压电能量收集器。

针对当前井下尾流风致振动的有效气动载荷理论研究不足，导致建模不精准的问题，本文采用FLUENT软件在确认网格精度后，首先研究不同风速下固定双圆柱的尾流特征。随后，通过采用流固耦合方法，编写UDF文件，并利用动网格技术对定风速下的串联圆柱进行研究。根据数值模拟结果，对下游圆柱所受气动力进行拟合，从而得到相应的气动载荷模型。

针对矿用风致驰振型压电俘能器的非线性机理及其与系统响应之间的变化规律不明确问题，利用磁偶极子模型建立非线性磁模型，分析不同磁距对系统势能和磁力的影响。利用COMSOL软件和曲线拟合，获得组合梁的非线性恢复力模型，并采用基于广义Hamilton原理的分布式参数法得到系统理论模型。最后采用四五阶Runge-Kutta法对系统在不同磁铁间距时响应幅值进行分析，讨论结构参数对系统响应特性的影响。

针对井下布线困难的问题，本文在确定尾流驰振能量收集器结构参数后，进行自供能无线监测节点软硬件设计。首先分析井下风筒内数据监测需求，然后根据尾流驰振能量收集器的功率选择所需硬件模块。接下来分别对硬件模块进行程序设计，实现井下风筒内的风速，风量的采集、存储、查询和报警功能。

为验证上述研究的正确性与有效性，首先制作悬臂梁拱形曲率为40m^-1的压电振子，并搭建振动测试平台，测试简谐激励下压电振子的谐振频率及最大输出电压；之后制作矿用风致尾流驰振俘能器，并搭建风致振动测试平台，测试风速为2.5m/s时，俘能器在不同磁铁间距下的响应位移，并进行充电实验；最后制作风致振动自俘能无线监测节点，测试10m内节点通信性能，并进行整机实验。实验结果验证了本文理论仿真的正确性以及无线监测节点的有效性，初步实现了自俘能、低功耗及设备在线监测的使用要求。

The safety monitoring of underground coal mine ventilation systems effectively ensures the safety of the working environment. Due to factors such as wiring difficulties and short battery life, real-time monitoring of the ventilation duct status underground faces challenges such as a limited number of monitoring nodes and difficulties in supplying power to the monitoring system. To address issues related to data transmission and sensor installation, this paper proposes a self-powered wireless sensor network monitoring technology utilizing wind energy within underground ventilation ducts to achieve flexible deployment of monitoring nodes for the ventilation system. Considering the wind speed limits specified in the "Coal Mine Safety Regulations" and the unique working environment of mines, the miniaturization of large-scale turbine-based wind energy collectors within ducts is constrained. Therefore, this study investigates aerodynamically-induced vibration-based wind energy collectors, selecting polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as the transduction material, optimizing the curvature structure of piezoelectric vibrators through COMSOL finite element simulations, and designing a resonant-type piezoelectric energy collector suitable for mines.

In light of the current inadequacy of effective aerodynamic load theories for the study of tail-flow-induced vibrations in underground environments, leading to imprecise modeling, this paper employs the FLUENT software to investigate the wake characteristics of fixed double cylinders under different wind speeds after verifying the grid accuracy. Subsequently, using fluid-structure coupling methods, UDF files are written and dynamic mesh technology is applied to study the tandem cylinders under a constant wind speed. Based on numerical simulation results, the aerodynamic forces acting on the downstream cylinder are fitted to obtain the corresponding aerodynamic load model.

Regarding the unclear relationship between the nonlinear mechanism of wind-induced vibration piezoelectric energy harvesters for mining applications and their system response, a nonlinear magnetic model is established using a magnetic dipole model to analyze the influence of different magnetic distances on system potential energy and magnetic forces. The nonlinear restoring force model of the composite beam is obtained using COMSOL software and curve fitting, and the system's theoretical model is derived using the distributed parameter method based on the generalized Hamilton principle. Finally, the fourth-fifth order Runge-Kutta method is used to analyze the response amplitudes of the system under different magnet spacings, discussing the influence of structural parameters on system response characteristics.

In response to the challenge of wiring in underground environments, after determining the structural parameters of the tail-flow-induced vibration energy harvester, this paper proceeds with the design of hardware and software for self-powered wireless monitoring nodes. First, the data monitoring requirements in underground air ducts are analyzed, followed by the selection of required hardware modules based on the power output of the tail-flow-induced vibration energy harvester. Next, the hardware modules are programmed separately to implement the collection, storage, inquiry, and alarm functions for wind speed and volume in underground air ducts.

To verify the accuracy and validity of the aforementioned research, we first fabricated a piezoelectric cantilever beam oscillator with an arch curvature of 40 m-1 and established a vibration testing platform to measure the resonant frequency and maximum output voltage of the piezoelectric oscillator under simple harmonic excitation. Subsequently, we produced a mining-induced aerodynamic wake vibration energy harvester and set up an aerodynamic vibration testing platform to examine the response displacement at different magnet spacings when the wind speed was 2.5 m/s, and conducted charging experiments. Lastly, we developed an aerodynamic vibration self-powered wireless monitoring node and tested its communication performance within a range of 10 meters, followed by a comprehensive system evaluation. The experimental results confirmed the accuracy of the theoretical simulations presented in this study and the effectiveness of the wireless monitoring node, preliminarily meeting the requirements of self-powered, low power consumption, and online monitoring of the equipment.

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