随着开采深度的不断增加，软岩巷道问题日益突出。针对三软回采巷道的复杂困难条件下的支护技术问题，深化三软煤层回采巷道锚杆锚索支护技术研究，具有非常重大的理论意义和工程实践价值。近年来，随着煤巷锚杆支护技术日趋成熟，锚杆支护得到普遍推广应用，但是还不能很好解决大跨度、大断面、三软煤巷等困难巷道支护加固问题。能否解决好软岩巷道的支护问题，是煤炭开采向纵深发展和安全生产的关键。 本文通过现场取样测定了石屏一矿围岩物理力学性质和矿物成份，得出工作面回采巷道围岩具有强流变和膨胀性复合型软岩的特点，揭示了石屏一矿回采巷道变形破坏的主要原因。通过数值模拟分析，得出了巷道在不同支护条件下变形破坏的特征，揭示巷道变形与破坏机理：①变形破坏应力与采动引起的应力集中有关；②岩石具有膨胀性有关；③变形与破坏关键部位是帮角；④两帮和底板支护的衔接。结合巷道变形破坏机理认识，应用隐形拱理论，提出了锚杆支护对策，控制巷道变形破坏的关键部位是帮角，防治帮角处产生应力集中后塑性区向外扩展。开展了锚杆支护的数值模拟和物理模拟实验，得出了三软煤层回采巷道锚杆和锚索的受力分布规律以及变形破坏形式。提出了三软回采巷道锚杆支护原则：治顶先治帮，治帮先治底，“支”和“护”并举，整环支护，环环掘进，加强水的防护。支护工作务必做到及时施加足够的预紧力，从而实现主动支护。 最后，通过在石屏一矿三软煤层巷道支护工程中的试验，验证了本文中锚杆锚索支护的效果及对巷道支护的优化设计。

With the increase of mining depth, the problem of the soft rock drift is becoming more and more serious. For supporting technology problem at soft rock roadway under the complicated and difficult conditions, deepen three soft anchor roadway support technology research has a very important theoretical and engineering practice. In recent years, the coal bolting technology has been applied with the ripeness of it. However it is not well resolved large span and large cross section, three soft coal roadway reinforcement such difficult problems. Whether or not solve the soft rock roadway problem is the further development of coal mining and production safety key. In this paper, roadway surrounding rock physical mechanics character and mineral composition of Shi-Ping first coal were determined from actual measurement, and it was found to has high rheological and Swelling soft rock characteristic.Finally, this article revealed the main reasons of Shi-Ping first coal roadway deformations and failures. Based on numerical simulation, the characteristic of roadway deformations and failures under the different conditions are discussed. Revealed the mechanism of the coal roadway deformations and failures have: ① stress concentration caused by deformation stress and mining, ② rocks with swelling, ③ key parts of deformation and failure is corner of sides, ④ two sides and bottom of the supporting interface. Combaining the understanding of Deformation mechanism with application of stealth arch theory bring forward the bolting response that the key parts of deformation and failure contraling roadway is corner of sides to prevent stress concentration of corners form plastic zone to spread. Through numerical simulation and physical simulation tests have Obtained three soft roadway anchor and anchor cable force distribution and deformation in the form. Also proposed three soft rock bolting principles: the first rule rule helped the top, the first rule helped end "support"and"care"simultaneously, supporting the entire ring, ring ring tunneling, to strengthen water protection. Supporting must be done immediately to make sure enough preload and to achieve active support. In the end, the engineering test in the roadway of Shi-Ping first coal mine verify the effect of bolt anchor support and optimization of roadway design.