生活垃圾管理一直是人们关注的重要课题。近年来，随着我国城市规模扩大、城市化水平的提高，城市生活垃圾日益增加，其有效管理问题愈加迫切。因此，如何进一步优化生活垃圾管理已成为城市可持续发展的重要内容和当前学界研究的热点。国家提出“无废城市”建设实质是对其生活垃圾实行全生命周期管理，即在生活垃圾的产生、收运、处理和资源化等不同阶段确定不同的管理工作，并设定有效衡量指标，以促进“无废”目标实现。本文立足于全生命周期理论，以我国首批试点“无废城市”为研究对象，对其生活垃圾管理效率进行评价分析，并找出影响管理效率的关键因素。不仅有利于“无废城市”生活垃圾管理效率提高，还能够给其他城市提供可借鉴的经验，对实现城市高质量发展与建设美丽中国具有重要意义。

本文利用DEA-Malmquist模型对2015-2021年我国11个“无废城市”生活垃圾全生命周期管理效率进行评价分析，结果发现：（1）2015-2021年“无废城市”整体生活垃圾管理效率均呈上升趋势，特别在2019年变化明显，2020、2021年均达到了优秀水平。（2）从不同城市的生活垃圾管理效率看，许昌稳定向好，深圳、包头、铜陵、威海、重庆、三亚、盘锦、西宁呈波动上升，而绍兴、徐州则呈波动下降。（3）2015-2021年“无废城市”生活垃圾管理效率在产生、收运、处理以及资源化等阶段均呈波动上升，其中产生阶段包头、铜陵、威海、重庆、三亚、盘锦的生活垃圾产生阶段管理效率提升较为明显；在收运阶段管理效率较高的城市有深圳、包头、绍兴和盘锦；在处理阶段，管理效率较高的是深圳、徐州和盘锦；资源化阶段管理效率最高的是许昌和深圳。（4）从不同城市生活垃圾全生命周期不同阶段管理效率动态分析看，除收运阶段外其余 3个阶段全要素生产率总体呈上升趋势。在产生阶段，10个城市（除绍兴外）全要素生产率水平较高；在收运阶段，深圳、包头、三亚、徐州、许昌、盘锦、西宁的全要素生产率水平较高；在处理阶段，包头、铜陵、绍兴和盘锦的全要素生产率水平较高；在资源化阶段，包头、铜陵、三亚、盘锦和西宁的全要素生产率较高。（5）综合DEA模型和Malmquist模型的效率值，按照一定标准将11个“无废城市”生活垃圾全生命周期不同阶段管理效率划分为高效进步、高效退步、低效进步和低效退步等四类。（6）利用Tobit模型进一步确定城市生活垃圾全生命周期不同阶段管理效率的影响因素，其中产生阶段的影响因素是经济发展水平、政府重视程度和垃圾产生总量，在收运阶段的影响因素是经济发展水平、环保资金投入、政府重视程度和教育发展水平，在处理阶段的影响因素是经济发展水平、环保资金投入、第三产业发展水平、科技发展水平和垃圾产生总量，在资源化阶段的影响因素是经济发展水平、环保资金投入、科技发展水平和教育发展水平。最后结合各城市生活垃圾管理效率情况及影响因素提出提升生活垃圾管理效率的合理建议。

The management of domestic waste has always been an important topic that people pay attention to. In recent years, with the expansion of urban scale and the improvement of urbanization level, urban solid waste is increasing day by day, and its effective management is becoming more and more urgent. Therefore, how to further optimize the management of solid waste has become an important content of urban sustainable development and a hot topic of current academic research. The state proposes that the essence of the construction of "waste- free city" is to implement the whole life cycle management of its domestic waste, that is, to determine different management work at different stages such as the generation, collection, transportation, treatment and resource utilization of domestic waste, and set effective measurement indicators to promote the realization of "waste-free" goal. Based on the whole life cycle theory, this paper takes "waste-free cities" as the research object, evaluates and analyzes the management efficiency of domestic waste, and finds out the key factors affecting the management efficiency. It is not only conducive to the improvement of the management efficiency of solid waste in " waste-free cities ", but also can provide experience for other cities, which is of great significance for the realization of high-quality urban development and the construction of beautiful China.

In this paper, DEA-Malmquist model is used to evaluate and analyze the life cycle management efficiency of domestic waste in 11 "waste-free cities" in China from 2015 to 2021. The results show that: (1) From 2015 to 2021, the overall domestic waste management efficiency of "waste-free cities" showed an upward trend, especially in 2019, the change was obvious, and 2020 and 2021 reached an excellent level. (2) From the perspective of the management efficiency of solid waste in different cities, Xuchang is stable and good, Shenzhen, Baotou, Tongling, Weihai, Chongqing, Sanya, Panjin and Xining show a fluctuation increase, while Shaoxing and Xuzhou show a fluctuation decrease. (3) From 2015 to 2021, the management efficiency of MSW in "waste-free cities" fluctuated and increased in the production, collection, transportation, treatment and resource utilization stages, among which the management efficiency of MSW in the production stage of Baotou, Tongling, Weihai, Chongqing, Sanya and Panjin increased significantly; Shenzhen, Baotou, Shaoxing and Panjin are the cities with high management efficiency in the stage of collection and transportation. In the treatment stage, the management efficiency is higher in Shenzhen, Xuzhou and Panjin; Xuchang and Shenzhen have the highest management efficiency in the resource management stage. (4) From the dynamic analysis of management efficiency at different stages of the whole life cycle of different MSW, the total factor productivity of the other three stages showed an overall upward trend except the collection and transportation stage. In the production stage, 10 cities (except Shaoxing) have higher total factor productivity level; The total factor productivity of Shenzhen, Baotou, Sanya, Xuzhou, Xuchang, Panjin and Xining was higher in the harvest and transportation stage. In the treatment stage, the TFP levels of Baotou, Tongling, Shaoxing and Panjin are higher; In the resource utilization stage, the total factor productivity of Baotou, Tongling, Sanya, Panjin and Xining is higher. (5) Based on the efficiency values of DEA model and Malmquist model, the management efficiency at different stages of the life cycle of domestic waste in 11 "waste-free cities" was divided into four categories: efficient progress, efficient regression, inefficient progress and inefficient regression according to certain standards. (6) The Tobit model was used to further determine the factors affecting the management efficiency of MSW at different stages of its whole life cycle. Among them, the influencing factors at the generation stage were the level of economic development, the degree of government attention and the total amount of garbage produced, while the influencing factors at the collection and transportation stage were the level of economic development, the investment in environmental protection, the degree of government attention and the level of education development. In the treatment stage, the influencing factors are the level of economic development, the investment in environmental protection, the development level of the tertiary industry, the development level of science and technology and the total amount of waste production, while in the resource stage, the influencing factors are the level of economic development, the investment in environmental protection, the development level of science and technology and the development level of education. Finally, based on the situation and influencing factors of municipal solid waste management efficiency, reasonable suggestions were put forward to improve the management efficiency of solid waste.

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