煤层自燃火灾多发生于地下深处，人员无法靠近，加上火源的隐蔽性，使得自燃火源位置的精确探测成为防灭火的关键，也是一项世界性难题；近年来由于红外技术的迅猛发展，应用红外技术探测煤层隐蔽火源位置已成为一个热点，通过红外技术定性和定量研究松散煤体升温过程中红外辐射特征变化及影响因素，掌握松散煤体内部热量传递规律，对于利用红外成像技术探测井下煤层自燃隐蔽火源具有重要的参考价值。 本文采用理论分析、实验测试和数值模拟相结合的研究方法。设计、搭建松散煤体升温实验台，分别采用400℃线性热源、点热源、面热源和300℃、400℃、500℃面热源进行对比性实验，利用武汉高德红外技术有限公司生产的ThermoProTMTP8红外热像仪摄取升温过程中松散煤体表面红外辐射特征图，利用红外热像仪自带的红外图像处理软件，着重分析三种不同形状热源（线性热源、点热源、面热源）在400℃恒定加热和三种不同热源温度（300℃、400℃、500℃）采用面状热源加热时各煤体表面红外热像与辐射温度特征的变化情况进行对比分析。实验较全面地反映了不同温度及不同热源形状时松散煤体表面红外热像与辐射温度特征的整个变化过程，通过对红外热像的观测能大致判断出热源的位置及形状；热源温度相同时，面状热源对应的煤体表面辐射温度最高，其次是线热源，点热源最低；热源形状相同时，内部热源温度高的对应的煤体表面最高辐射温度高。通过建立松散煤体传热物理模型，运用Fluent软件进行模拟，将模拟结果和实验结果进行比较，该模型能很好地反映松散煤体的温度场变化规律。改变模拟中的物性参数，研究松散煤体导热系数对温度场的影响，导热系数对松散煤体温度场的影响主要在于对表面温度场和热源发展速度的影响。

The spontaneous combustion of coal always occurs deep under the ground, so people can not come close. Furthermore, the hidden fire source makes the accurate detection become the key of Fire Prevention, which is also a global problem. With the rapid development of infrared technology, the detection of hidden fire source with infrared technology has become a hot issue. Using infrared thermograph to detect and analysis the change and influence of temperature field of heat reservoir loose coal qualitatively and quantitative, realizing and mastering heat transfer regularity of it has important application value. This paper studied the temperature field of the heat reservoir loose coal using theoretical analysis, experimental study and computer simulation. An experimental setup of heat reservoir loose coal was established to study the difference of 400℃ linear heat source,point heat source, surface heat and 300℃,400℃,500℃ surface heat。Infrared thermographs of ThermoProTMTP8 were used to get surface infrared images. Using the software of infrared camera, the surface thermal field and the radiation characteristics of 400℃ linear heat source,point heat source, surface heat and 300℃,400℃,500℃ surface heat were studied. The experiment comprehensively reflected the surface thermal field and the radiation characteristics of different heating temperature and shape. Using infrared technology, the location and shape of the heat source can be roughly determined. Under the same heat temperature, the surface temperature of surface heat was the highest, followed by that of line heat source, then the point source. Under the same heat shape, the surface temperature rises with the inner heat source. A physical model of loose coal with inner heat reservoir using Fluent was set up to simulate heat transfer process. The model can reflect the temperature variation of loose coal. Study on thermal conductivity of loose coal through changing parameters concluded that the impact of thermal conductivity was mainly on the surface temperature field and rate heat transfer.