自牛顿设计了牛顿环干涉实验以来，许多学者从事该实验领域的研究探索，有的学者把如何提高测量精度作为研究的重点，有的则将其原理应用到其他领域。从牛顿环实验误差研究现状看，目前很少有学者深入分析牛顿环应力变形对实验误差的影响，特别是没有解决应力变形对实验误差的影响。基于国内外研究现状，本文的主要研究目的如下：一是测量牛顿环变形应力，二是通过应力校准消除应力大小对实验误差的影响，三是深入分析玻璃体应力测量方法的可行性，总结出应用条件。 主要研究工作如下：一是深入分析平凸透镜和平面玻璃之间的受力与形变特点，结合所选应力传感器的外形结构特点，设计制作了牛顿环仪应力测量装置；二是基于MSP430F149设计了对应的测量电路，经过实验测量，测量电路精度不够高，不能满足应力测量要求，其后采用电子秤的工作原理，对电子秤进行改造并用于测量牛顿环应力，实验表明改造后的电子秤精度可以满足实验要求。三是利用自行搭建的平台，通过大量实验测量了平凸透镜曲率半径与牛顿环应力变形的关系，即应力变形越大曲率半径测量值越大。利用MATLAB软件对平凸透镜受到的应力和曲率半径测量值进行相关分析后发现应力与曲率半径可以进行线性拟合，并利用拟合公式提出了应力校准的方法，实验结果证明，应力校准可以消除应力大小对实验误差的影响，校准后曲率半径的测量误差由3%减小到小于0.6%；四是利用设计的牛顿环应力测量装置，根据小扰度平板理论推导出了理论公式，对理论公式进行修正，实验检验了公式的正确性，并总结出玻璃体应力测量公式的应用条件。

Since the advent of Newton’s rings, there are many scholars who employ themselves in the experiment exploration. Some scholars take how to improve the precision of measurement as the research focus, while others use the principle applied to other areas. However， it is easy to see that no scholars analyze the degree of tightness of screw on the influence of experimental error, not to mention how remove the screw on the influence of experimental error. Based on the research status at home and abroad, two purposes of the research were put forward: removing the screw on the influence of experimental error, in-depth analysis of the measuring stress by optical interference method and summarizing the application conditions of the theory. The main research is as follows. Firstly, the thorough analysis of the stress and deformation of plane convex and flat glass has been carried out, and the Newton’s ring stress measurement device was designed combing with the characteristics of the shape structure of stress sensor. Secondly, A measurement circuit is designed based on MSP430F149, however, the circuit can’t meet the requirements of experiment because of the accuracy of measurement, but when the existing electronic balance were reformed through analysis of the operation principle of it, the accuracy of measurement met the requirement. Thirdly, by use of building platform, a large number of experiments show that the more tight of the screw, the greater of the radius of curvature. The relations between the pressure and radius of curvature were analyzed by MATLAB, and it was proved to be the linear correlation. The thought of stress correction was put forward based on the fitting formula, and the experimental results show that pressure correction can eliminate the tightness of screw on the influence of experimental error, after correction of experimental error less than 0.6%. Fourthly, theory formula by according to the theory of plate theory was deduced combining with the Newton’s rings device which was modified, on this basis, the formula had been corrected and a lot of experiments had been done for verifying the correctness of the formula and exploring the application conditions of it.