开展深埋综放面顺槽围岩变形规律及其支护技术研究对煤炭安全回采具有重要工程价值，本文以陕西彬长矿区某煤矿4105综放面顺槽支护设计为依托，采用理论分析、宏细观室内试验、数值模拟及现场试验相结合的方法开展研究工作。主要内容与结论是：

（1）分析了深埋综放面顺槽围岩卸荷变形特征，影响彬长矿区深埋综放面顺槽围岩变形规律的主要因素包括：埋深、顺槽围岩性质、顺槽断面形状及面积、动压扰动、矿井水、地热及煤层自燃。

（2）完成了完整煤岩和裂隙煤岩不同围压下三轴压缩试验，结果表明：裂隙会降低煤岩的强度，随着围压的升高，完整煤岩由延性变为脆性破坏，裂隙煤岩峰后塑性变形能力增强；裂隙煤岩在较高围压下环向变形能力明显增强。含裂隙的煤岩，含裂隙的煤岩的抗压强度比完整煤岩低，残余变形能力比完整煤岩强。完成了完整煤岩和裂隙煤岩在不同围压和不同卸荷速率下的三轴卸围压试验，对比结果表明：卸围压试验比三轴压缩试验更具有突然性。随着围压的升高，煤岩破坏模式由纵向劈裂破坏转变为顶部冲击破坏，脆性增加；同一围压下，随着卸荷速率的增加，煤岩破坏后应力跌落幅度增大，延性减弱，脆性增强。裂隙的存在导致裂隙煤岩的环向变形增加。

（3）完成了完整煤岩和裂隙煤岩三轴压缩和卸围压破坏后的核磁共振扫描试验，得到了煤岩破坏后的T₂谱弛豫曲线和孔隙分布，结果表明：煤岩破坏后T₂谱峰总面积和围压成正相关，破坏后完整煤岩第三峰和裂隙煤岩第四峰所占比例随着围压升高而上升。试验后煤岩孔隙孔径主要为小孔和大孔。裂隙煤岩试验后大孔径孔隙所含比完整煤岩略高。随着围压的增加，煤岩破坏时峰值应力也在增加，中孔和大孔径孔隙所占比例也在增加。裂隙煤岩内部孔隙发育程度比完整煤岩大。

（4）分析了深埋综放面顺槽支护设计原则，基于“强支强卸”的理念，运用自然平衡拱理论进行了4105综放面运输顺槽支护参数设计，采用FLAC软件进行了支护参数合理性评价，结果表明：支护参数合理。研究了4105综放面运输顺槽钻孔卸压方案及特殊段补强支护方案；针对断层特殊构造区段，给出了“补强支护”方案。

（5）对4105综放面支护设计方案及卸压效果进行了工程检验。现场监测结果表明：4105综放面初次来压步距为71.25m，周期来压步距为28.25m，卸压后周期来压步距减小。同时顺槽围岩松动圈、围岩变形量、锚杆（索）受力均处于安全范围。工程检验结果表明，支护参数及卸压方案安全有效。

It is of great engineering value to carry out the research on the deformation law of surrounding rock and its supporting technology in the deep-buried fully mechanized top coal caving face. Based on the supporting design of the 4105 fully mechanized top coal caving face in a coal mine in Binchang mining area of Shaanxi Province, this paper adopts the methods of theoretical analysis, macro and micro laboratory test, numerical simulation and field test to carry out the research work. The main contents and conclusions are :

(1)The unloading deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock along the deep-buried fully mechanized caving face are analyzed. The main factors affecting the deformation law of the surrounding rock along the deep-buried fully mechanized caving face in Binchang mining area include buried depth, surrounding rock properties, cross section shape and area, dynamic pressure disturbance, mine water, geothermal and coal spontaneous combustion.

(2)The triaxial compression tests of intact coal rock and fractured coal rock under different confining pressures were completed. The results show that the strength of coal rock decreases with the increase of confining pressure. The intact coal rock changes from ductility to brittle failure, and the plastic deformation ability of fractured coal rock increases after peak. The circumferential deformation ability of fractured coal rock is obviously enhanced under high confining pressure. The compressive strength, elastic modulus and residual deformation capacity of coal with cracks are lower than those of intact coal. The triaxial unloading confining pressure tests of intact coal and fractured coal under different confining pressures and unloading rates were completed. The results show that the unloading confining pressure test is more abrupt than the triaxial compression test. With the increase of confining pressure, the failure mode of coal rock changes from longitudinal splitting failure to top impact failure, and the brittleness increases. Under the same confining pressure, with the increase of unloading rate, the stress drop amplitude of coal rock after failure increases, the ductility decreases, and the brittleness increases. The existence of cracks increases the circumferential deformation of fractured coal rock.

(3)The NMR meso-scanning tests of intact coal and fractured coal under triaxial compression and unloading confining pressure were completed, and the relaxation curves and pore distribution of T₂ spectrum after coal failure were obtained. The results show that the total area of T₂ spectrum peak after coal failure is positively correlated with confining pressure, and the proportion of the third peak of intact coal and the fourth peak of fractured coal increases with the increase of confining pressure. Before and after the fracture coal-rock test, the content of large aperture pores is slightly higher than that of intact coal-rock. With the increase of confining pressure, the peak stress of coal rock is also increasing when it is damaged, and the proportion of medium and large aperture pores is also increasing. The development degree of internal pores in fractured coal is larger than that in intact coal.

(4)Based on the concept of “ strong support and strong unloading ”, the natural balance arch theory was used to design the support parameters of 4105 fully mechanized caving face, and the FLAC numerical simulation software was used to evaluate the rationality of the support parameters. The results show that the support parameters are reasonable. The pressure relief scheme of 4105 fully mechanized caving face and the reinforcement support scheme of special section are studied. In view of the special fault structure section, the reinforcement support scheme is given.

(5)The supporting design scheme and pressure relief effect of 4105 fully mechanized caving face are tested. The field monitoring results show that the initial weighting step of 4105 fully mechanized caving face is 71.25 m, and the periodic weighting step is 28.25 m. the surrounding rock loose circle, surrounding rock deformation and bolt (cable) stress are in the safe range. The engineering test results show that the support parameters and pressure relief scheme are safe and effective.

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