液态CO₂因低温、高体积膨胀比、致裂效率高、无污染等优势，成为低渗煤层卸压增透热点技术。但是，液态CO₂低温效应导致煤层水受冷凝结为冰，压缩瓦斯运移通道空间。基于此，本文利用高温水蒸气促进液态CO₂冻结煤体融化，提出液态CO₂-高温水蒸气冷热循环冲击煤层增透技术。自主搭建液态CO₂-高温水蒸气冷热循环冲击实验平台，研究冷热循环冲击煤体冻融特征及三维孔隙劣化机制，结合COMSOL软件进行工程实践验证。

借助温度传感器和应变片，定量分析液态CO₂-高温水蒸气冷热循环冲击褐煤、烟煤和无烟煤快速冻融过程温度演化规律及应变特征。结果表明，高温水蒸气可显著促进液态CO₂冻结煤体融化，煤体冻融速率提高20.58倍；应变在温度突变时发生骤变，随温度传导趋于稳定，应变不断减小；随着冷热循环冲击次数增加，单次循环所用时间先增加再减少。进一步分析得，当温差一定时，煤体应变与泊松比正相关，随变质程度提高，煤体应变减小；温度冲击对煤体结构破坏随变质程度增加而减弱，冷热循环冲击6次后，褐煤破碎，烟煤和无烟煤出现宏观裂隙；残余应变随冷热循环次数增加先增加再减小，表明冷热循环冲击对煤体结构造成的损伤具有不可逆性，形变特征具有叠加性。

通过CT扫描测试技术，分析冷热循环冲击煤体三维孔隙结构参数及劣化机理。结果表明，液态CO₂-高温水蒸气冷热循环冲击煤体三维孔隙不断延伸，形成贯通裂隙；三维孔隙数量、表面积、体积及切片面孔率最大值均与冷热循环冲击次数指数相关；冷热循环冲击前期，渗流孔体积比例增加，三维孔隙劣化表现为裂隙贯通，冷热循环冲击后期，吸附孔体积比例增加，三维孔隙劣化表现为内部产生大量新生孔隙。进一步分析得，冷热循环冲击煤体渗流孔半径分形维数增加，孔隙分形特征增强，表面粗糙度提高；孔隙半径分形模型中lg(r)随冷热循环冲击次数增加而增加，表明孔径劣化扩张明显。基于冷热循环冲击煤体孔隙力学损伤特征，建立液态CO₂-高温水蒸气冷热循环冲击煤体三维孔隙损伤模型，讨论冷热循环冲击煤体三维孔隙结构损伤机理。

基于实验室研究成果，利用COMSOL软件实现低温液态CO₂-高温水蒸气冷热循环冲击快速冻融增透煤层技术工程实践验证。数值模拟结果表明，低温液态CO₂-高温水蒸气冷热循环冲击煤体实验室温度传导规律和数值模拟温度传导规律一致；液态CO₂-高温水蒸气冷热冲击煤层温度有效作用半径为0.7198m；根据温度作用有效半径，模拟矿井煤层瓦斯抽采，得到煤层温度越高，瓦斯抽采效率越高。

Liquid CO₂ has become a hot technology for pressure relief and permeability enhancement in low permeability coal seams due to its advantages such as low temperature, high volume expansion ratio, high cracking efficiency, and no pollution. However, the low-temperature effect of liquid CO₂ causes coalbed water to condense into ice, compressing the space of gas migration channels. Based on this, this paper uses high-temperature steam to promote the melting of liquid CO₂ frozen coal, and proposes a technology of liquid CO₂ high-temperature steam cold and hot cycle impact coal seam penetration enhancement. Build a liquid CO₂ high-temperature steam cold and hot cycle impact experimental platform independently to study the freeze-thaw characteristics and three-dimensional pore degradation mechanism of cold and hot cycle impact coal, and conduct engineering practice verification using COMSOL software.

Using temperature sensors and strain gauges, this paper quantitatively analyzes the temperature evolution and strain characteristics during the rapid freezing and thawing process of lignite, bituminous coal, and anthracite impacted by the cold and hot cycle of liquid CO₂ high-temperature water vapor. The results show that high-temperature water vapor can significantly promote the melting of liquid CO₂ frozen coal, and the freezing and thawing rate of coal increases by 20.58 times; The strain changes abruptly when the temperature suddenly changes, and decreases continuously as the temperature conduction tends to stabilize; As the number of cold and hot cycle shocks increases, the time required for a single cycle first increases and then decreases. Further analysis shows that when the temperature difference is constant, the coal strain is positively correlated with Poisson's ratio, and as the degree of metamorphism increases, the coal strain decreases; The damage of temperature shock to coal structure decreases with the increase of metamorphic degree. After 6 times of cold and hot cyclic shock, lignite is broken, and macro cracks appear in bituminous coal and anthracite; The residual strain first increases and then decreases with the increase of the number of cold and hot cycles, indicating that the damage caused by the impact of cold and hot cycles on the coal structure is irreversible, and the deformation characteristics are superimposed.

Through the CT scanning testing technology, the three-dimensional pore structure parameters and degradation mechanism of coal subjected to thermal cycling impact were analyzed. The results show that the three-dimensional pores of the coal body continuously extend under the impact of the cold and hot cycle of liquid CO₂ high-temperature steam, forming through cracks; The number of three-dimensional pores, surface area, volume, and maximum slice porosity are all related to the cold and hot cycle impact index; In the early stage of cold and thermal cycling impact, the volume ratio of seepage holes increases, and the three-dimensional pore degradation is manifested as fracture penetration. In the late stage of cold and thermal cycling impact, the volume ratio of adsorption holes increases, and the three-dimensional pore degradation is manifested as a large number of new pores generated inside. Further analysis shows that the pore radius fractal dimension increases, the pore fractal characteristics enhance, and the surface roughness increases during the cold and hot cycle impact coal seepage; In the fractal model of pore radius, lg (r) increases with the increase in the number of cold and thermal cycles, indicating that pore size deterioration and expansion are significant. Based on the characteristics of pore mechanical damage in coal impacted by cold and hot cycles, a three-dimensional pore damage model for coal impacted by liquid CO₂ high-temperature steam cold and hot cycles was established, and the mechanism of three-dimensional pore structure damage in coal impacted by cold and hot cycles was discussed.

Based on the laboratory research results, the engineering practice verification of low-temperature liquid CO₂ - high-temperature water vapor cold and thermal cycling impact rapid freeze-thaw enhanced permeability coal seam technology is realized using COMSOL software. The numerical simulation results show that the laboratory temperature conduction law of low-temperature liquid CO₂ - high-temperature water vapor cold and thermal cycle impingement coal is consistent with the numerical simulation temperature conduction law; The effective action radius of liquid CO₂ high-temperature water vapor cold and hot impingement on coal seam temperature is 0.7198m; Based on the effective radius of temperature action, simulation of coal seam gas extraction in a mine shows that the higher the coal seam temperature, the higher the gas extraction efficiency.

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