随着煤层不断开采，打破覆岩初始应力场平衡，应力分布发生变化，引起上覆岩层发生变形破坏，形成采动裂隙。伴随着采动裂隙不断向上发育，破坏隔水层，加剧了地下水渗漏。因此，如何实现煤炭资源安全、高效开采的同时最大限度的减小对地下水流场的影响，达到煤炭资源安全开采与减轻地下水渗流对采煤的影响是当前的主要目标。

本文以红石湾煤矿五煤为研究背景，采用理论分析、相似材料模拟和FLAC3D数值模拟等研究手段，研究五煤开采裂隙场演变规律、导水裂隙带发育高度，在此基础上，以数值模拟分析应力分布特征及应力场演变规律，以地下水模拟的研究手段，对渗流场中压力水头及渗流速度对地下水演变规律进行研究，得出上覆岩层应力场与渗流场的演变规律。主要研究成果如下：

（1）根据相似材料模拟与数值模拟结果，发现应力场应力状态经历了原岩应力期、应力集中期、卸压期及应力恢复期四个阶段，主要拉应力区形成于工作面上部，拉应力变化呈现出“快速增长-慢速增长-稳定”。采用关键层理论确定上覆岩层中有一个主关键层和4个亚关键层为后续研究提供依据；依据相似材料模拟实验，结合已确定的关键层，发现覆岩裂隙呈明显阶段性发育特征，裂隙发育规律呈“发育期-快速增长期-稳定期”，在此基础上，利用FLAC3D数值模拟得出上覆岩层应力场的演变规律。

（2）建立煤层开采渗流模拟模型，随着工作面的不断推进，监测并深入分析上覆岩层裂隙扩展、压力水头、渗流变化等渗流场的演化特征。随着煤层不断开采，压力水头影响范围逐渐增大，变化速率呈现“慢速增长-快速增长”的特征。在地下水下渗时，靠近裂隙处压力水头变化速率更快，影响范围更大，且渗流速度在裂隙两侧存在明显差异。

（3）结合应力场及渗流场直接的联系，发现渗流场对应力场的影响主要是通过孔隙水压力及动力压力；应力场对渗流场的影响主要是通过应力场改变岩体裂隙场的宽度、长度等，进而影响渗流速率。应力场和渗流场相互作用是一个动态平衡的过程，岩体应力场改变导致岩体裂隙宽度发生改变，裂隙宽度导致渗透性变大，进而又影响到应力场。

With the continuous mining of coal seam, the initial stress field balance of overlying rock is broken, the stress distribution changes, and the overlying rock is deformed and destroyed, forming mining-induced cracks. With the development of mining fractures, the barrier layer is destroyed and the groundwater leakage is aggravated. Therefore, how to achieve safe and efficient mining of coal resources while minimizing the impact on underground water flow field, achieve safe mining of coal resources and reduce the impact of groundwater seepage on coal mining is the main goal at present.

Taking 5 coal in Hongshiwan Coal Mine as the research background, this paper adopts theoretical analysis, similar material simulation and FLAC3D numerical simulation to study the evolution law of 5 coal mining fracture field and the development height of water-conducting fracture zone. On this basis, numerical simulation is used to analyze the stress distribution characteristics and stress field evolution law, and groundwater simulation is used as the research method. The evolution law of pressure head and seepage velocity on groundwater in seepage field is studied, and the evolution law of stress field and seepage field of overlying strata is obtained. The main research results are as follows:

(1) According to the results of similar material simulation and numerical simulation, it is found that the stress field stress state has experienced four stages: primary rock stress period, stress concentration period, pressure relief period and stress recovery period. The main tensile stress area is formed in the upper part of the working face, and the change of tensile stress presents "rapid growth - slow growth - stability". The key layer theory is used to determine that there is one main key layer and four sub-key layers in the overlying strata. According to the simulation experiment of similar materials and the identified key layers, it is found that the overburden fracture has obvious stage development characteristics, and the fracture development law is "development period - rapid growth period - stable period". On this basis, the evolution law of the overburden stress field is obtained by FLAC3D numerical simulation.

(2) Establish a seepage simulation model for coal seam mining. With the continuous advancement of the working surface, monitor and deeply analyze the evolution characteristics of the seepage field such as the fracture expansion of overlying rock, pressure head and seepage changes. With the continuous mining of coal seam, the influence range of pressure water head gradually increases, and the change rate presents the characteristics of "slow growth - rapid growth". When groundwater permeates, the pressure head near the fissure changes faster and the influence range is larger, and the seepage velocity is obviously different on both sides of the fissure.

(3) Combined with the direct connection between stress field and seepage field, it is found that the influence of seepage field on stress field is mainly through pore water pressure and dynamic pressure; The effect of stress field on seepage field is mainly to change the width and length of fracture field of rock mass through stress field, and then affect seepage rate. The interaction between stress field and seepage field is a dynamic equilibrium process. The change of stress field leads to the change of crack width of rock mass, and the crack width leads to the increase of permeability, which in turn affects the stress field.

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