摘 要 随着社会的不断进步与新农村建设的快速发展，农村地区对煤炭等常规能源的消耗量越来越多，加剧了日趋严重的能源短缺问题。而我国西部农村地区储量丰富的太阳能、生物质能等可再生能源由于利用形式单一、技术低下等原因，在农宅中未有效利用。因此，研究农宅中的可再生能源互补技术，以提高其利用效率，对节约常规能源具有重要意义。 本文以甘肃兰州农村地区为背景，首先全面分析了农村住宅中的太阳能（主动式、被动式）技术、生物质能（直接燃烧式、生物质颗粒燃烧式、沼气发酵）技术的原理、应用优势及独立应用的不足，指出了可再生能源互补应用技术的实用性，并对太阳能沼气技术、太阳能与生物质颗粒燃烧技术进行了分析比较。其次，对甘肃兰州榆中县农宅进行了现场调研与实地测试，从农宅建设状况、围护结构形式、能源利用现状等方面，分析造成农宅能耗大、热舒适性差的原因，并提出了适宜于甘肃农村地区的被动式太阳房优化方案；采用清华大学开发的DeST-S能耗模拟软件，对该被动式太阳房方案和传统农宅进行了模拟计算，重点分析比较了两种建筑的自然室温、采暖室温的规律与特征，深入研究了建筑耗热量指标、主要房间热负荷、典型日农宅逐时热负荷、累计热负荷等计算结果的差异性；最后，在被动式太阳房模拟结果分析基础之上，提出了一种太阳能与生物质能互补采暖系统，对其主要组成部件，即太阳能集热器、生物质锅炉及保温水箱等进行了优化设计，综合分析评价了该采暖系统的节能效益、经济效益和环境效益等。 研究结果表明，农宅中的可再生能源互补应用技术能弥补传统能源单一利用率低的问题，是农宅采暖的首选方案；通过对被动式太阳房方案模拟，得出太阳房平均自然温度高于传统农宅，平均采暖温度也高于传统农宅，具有较好的热舒适性；太阳房的全年累计热负荷与耗热量指标均低于传统农宅，说明太阳房比传统农宅更节能；提出的太阳能与生物质能互补采暖系统，能满足农宅的热量需求，在其寿命周期内具有节能、经济、环境效益的三重优势，为今后农村可再生能源利用起了推动作用。

ABSTRACT With the social progress and new rural development, rural areas consume amount of conventional energy such as coal, exacerbate the increasingly serious energy shortage. China's western rural areas abundant solar，biomass and other renewable energy due to the use of a single, low-skilled and other reasons, not using effectively in rural house. Therefore, the research on complementary renewable energy technologies in rural house，to improve the using efficiency have a significance in conventional energy conservation. In this paper, as Gansu Lanzhou rural areas for the background, in the first, analyzed the principle, application advantages, and lack of individual application of solar energy(active, passive) technology, biomass(direct combustion, biomass combustion particles, methane fermentation ) technology which used in rural residential, pointed out the usefulness of renewable energy technologies complementary application, analyzed and compared the solar and biogas technology, solar and biomass pellet combustion technology. Secondly, conducted a field investigation and field testing of Lanzhou Yuzhong county rural house, from house construction conditions, envelope structural forms, status of energy utilization, analyzed the because of large rural house energy and poor thermal comfort, and proposed passive Solar House optimization program which suitable for Gansu rural areas; adopted DeST-S energy simulation software developed by Tsinghua University, simulated the passive solar house programs and traditional rural house, focusing on analyzed and compared the rules and features of natural temperature and heating temperature of the two buildings, in-depth studied the difference of results, such as the building heat consumption index, main room heat load, rural house hour heat load of typical day, and accumulated heat load, etc.. Finally, based on the analysis of simulation results of passive solar houses, proposed a kind of solar energy and biomass energy complementary heating system, and optimized designed the main components, including solar collectors, biomass boilers and tank insulation. Then, comprehensive analyzed and evaluated the energy effective, economic and environmental benefits of this heating system. The results show that, the Complementary renewable energy application technology in the rural house which could make up the issues of low single traditional energy utilization, and become the preferred option of rural house heating; through simulating the passive solar house program, reach average natural temperature of solar house is higher than conventional rural house, and the average heating temperature is higher than rural house, which has better thermal comfor. The total annual heat load and heat consumption indicators of solar house are lower than traditional rural house, and indicating the solar house is more energy efficient than traditional farm house. The proposed solar and biomass complement heating system, can meet the heat demand of rural house, which has the triple advantages of energy-saving, economic and environmental benefits in its life cycle, and will play a important role in the future renewable energy of rural areas.