超级电容器具备高的功率密度和长的使用寿命等优点，近年来已成为研究热点。而超级电容器的电极材料直接影响着超级电容器的性能，因此高比电容、高比功率和比能量、充放电稳定的电极材料的制备就成为解决问题的关键。 本研究先通过引发苯胺在煤的孔隙中原位聚合，制备煤基聚苯胺(CPANI)。并以煤基聚苯胺为碳、氮源，钴(钼)粉为催化剂，在氮气保护下，置于管式炉中催化热解和化学气相沉积，制得掺N多孔碳/Co(Mo)复合材料，最后通过液相化学氧化或水蒸汽氧化处理，制得掺N多孔碳/Co3O4(MoO2)复合材料。并用SEM、XRD、拉曼、红外、元素分析仪、比表面分析仪、电化学工作站等对其结构与性能进行表征与分析；对其构效关系进行探讨，得到主要研究结果如下：(1) 当催化剂含量越高、温度越高、煤的变质程度越低时，煤的裂解程度越高，N掺杂量会越高。(2) 经过液相化学氧化法和水蒸汽法处理后，材料的颗粒变得更小，分布更均匀，且以介孔为主。(3) 以华亭煤为碳源、CPANI/Co质量比3:1、热解温度为1000 ℃、液相化学氧化法制备的掺N多孔碳/Co3O4复合材料，N含量为0.45%，多孔碳以介孔结构存在，平均孔径为9.24 nm，BET比表面为45.2 m2/g，Co3O4以纳米颗粒的形态存在。其单极比电容为169.49 F/g(1 A/g)，能量密度为66.43 Wh/kg，功率密度为1195.88 W/kg。(4) 以华亭煤为碳源、CPANI/Co质量比1:1、热解温度为1000 ℃、液相化学氧化法制备的掺N多孔碳/MoO2复合材料，N含量为0.14%，多孔碳以介孔结构存在，平均孔径为5.70 nm，BET比表面为197 m2/g，MoO2以纳米颗粒的形态存在。其单极比电容为136.36 F/g(1 A/g)，能量密度为63.02 Wh/kg，功率密度为1140.10 W/kg。(5) 同等条件下，制备掺N多孔碳/Co3O4(MoO2)复合材料，碳源选华亭煤较好，水汽法比液相法氧化法的效果好。

Supercapacitors with high power density, long service life and other advantages, has become a hot research topic in recent years. Because supercapacitor electrode materials directly affect the performance of the supercapacitor, the preparation of electrode materials with high specific capacitance, specific power and stable charge-discharge performance have become the key to solve the problem. Firstly, we synthesized coal-based polyaniline(CPANI) through in-situ polymerization. With CPANI as carbon and nitrogen source, cobalt or molybdenum powder as catalyst, their mixture was placed in a tube furnace for catalytic pyrolysis and chemical vapor deposition. N-doped porous carbon/Co(Mo) composite materials were obtained after the pyrolysis. Through the liquid chemical oxidation or water steam oxidation, N-doped porous carbon/Co3O4 (MoO2) composite materials were finally gained. Then, the structure, morphology and the electrochemical properties of composite materials were characterized by SEM, XRD, Raman, FTIR, elemental analysis, BET analyzer, electrochemical workstation. Their structure-property relationship were discussed and the main results were obtained as follows: 1) When the higher catalyst consumption, temperature, and the lower metamorphism grade of coal, the higher degree of pyrolysis of coal and N content. 2) After the liquid-phase chemical oxidation or water steam treatment, the particulate of materials become smaller and distributes more uniform, and mainly mesoporous. 3) Monopole capacitance of N-doped porous carbon/Co3O4 composite materials (Huating coal as carbon source, CPANI/Co mass ratio of 3:1, the pyrolysis temperature of 1000 ℃, with liquid chemical oxidation, N content of 0.45%, mesoporous structure, the average pore diameter of 9.24 nm, BET specific surface area of 45.2 m2/g) is 169.49 F/g (1 A/g), the energy density of 66.43 Wh/kg, the power density of 1195.88 W/kg. Co3O4 exist with nanoparticles. 4) Monopole capacitance of N-doped porous carbon/MoO2 composite materials (Huating coal as carbon source, CPANI/Mo mass ratio of 1:1, the pyrolysis temperature of 1000 ℃, with liquid chemical oxidation,N content of 0.14%, mesoporous structure exists, the average pore diameter of 5.70 nm, BET specific surface area of 197 m2/g) is 136.36 F/g (1 A/g), the energy density of 63.02 Wh/kg, the power density of 1140.10 W/kg. MoO2 exist with nanoparticles. 5) Under the same conditions, Huating coal is better than Taixi coal to prepare N-doped porous carbon/Co3O4 (MoO2) composite materials, the liquid chemical oxidation is better than the water vapor method.